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Maud- Phase 3a > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 common respiratory viruses

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinoviruses
Parainfluenza
Influenza

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2
Q

Which bacteria causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

What is meant by the term purulent?

A

Containing pus

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4
Q

Coryza is commonly caused by which virus?

A

Rhinovirus

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5
Q

Pharyngitis is more commonly known as

A

Sore throat

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6
Q

True or False: Bacterial and Viral Tonsilitis cannot be distinguished on clinical examination?

A

TRUE

You CANNOT distinguish between bacterial and viral tonsilitis

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7
Q

What is the treatment of severe tonsilitis?

A

Penicillin

Consider Tonsilectomy

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8
Q

Patient has a bright, red, bulging tympanic memberance with loss of normal light reflection. Diagnosis?

A

Acute Otitis Media

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9
Q

What are the complications of recurrent otitis media?

A

Reccurent OM –> OM+effusion –> Conductive hearing loss –> speech development problems

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10
Q

What is the commonest classification of respiratory infection?

A

URTI

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11
Q

Give 3 features of the pathophysiology of Croup?

A

Croup PP:
Mucosal Inflammation
Increased Secretions
Subglottic Oedema

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12
Q

Patient presents with coryzal symptoms which are worse at night and a barking cough. Likely diagosis?

A

Barking Cough= Croup

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13
Q

How do you manage severe Croup?

A

Severe Croup Mx:

Nebulised Adrenaline

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14
Q

How do you manage a patient with Croup?

A

PO Dexamethasone/Prednisolone and nebulised budesonide

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15
Q

What is the cause of Bacterial Tracheitis?

A

Staph Aureus

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16
Q

Which type of H.Influenza is immunised in children?

A

H.Influenza type B vaccined in children

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17
Q

What is the cause of acute epiglottitis?

A

Acute Epiglottitis cause:

H.Influenze type B

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18
Q

Describe the onset of acute epiglottitis?

A

Very acute onset & Life threatening

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19
Q

Croup and Acute Epiglottitis both cause UAO. How are they different?

A

HPC:
Onset: Cr days AE hours
Preceding Coryza: Cr Yes AE No

Resp Sx:
Cough: Cr Barking, AE None
Stridor: Cr Harsh, AE Soft

General Sx:
Appearance: Cr unwell, AE toxic
Drooling: Cr No, AE Yes

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20
Q

How do you treat Acute Epiglottitis?

A

Intubated under GA, IV Cefuroxime

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21
Q

What causes Whooping cough?

A

Bordatella Pertussis

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22
Q

What does the DTaP vaccine cover?

A

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis

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23
Q

Describe the presentation of Whooping Cough?

A

Normal Resp infection (1-2weeks) –> Hacking cough followed by Whoop

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24
Q

What triggers a whoop cough

A

Startling / Post-Vomit

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25
Q

Ix for Whooping Cough?

A

Culture organise on pre-nasal swab, Lymphocytosis on blood film

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26
Q

Management of Whooping cough

A

Clarithromycin

Prophylactic eryhtromycin for close contacts

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27
Q

What are the causes of weight faltering?

A 
IUGR
*Environmental/Psychosocial 
Genetic: CF
GI: Coeliac, GORD 
Endo: Hypothyroidism, GH Deficiency
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28
Q

S&S of Bronchiolitis

A 
Apnea in infants<4mo
Sharp dry cough 
Cyanosis/pallor 
Hyperinflation of chest 
Fine end-inspiratory crackles
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29
Q

Mx of Bronchiolitis

A

Supportve
O2
IV Fluids
Infection control measures

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30
Q

Prevenar vaccine immunises patients against what?

A

strep pneumonia

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31
Q

S&S of pneumonia

A

Difficulty breathing
Fever
Dullness to percussion

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32
Q

Management of Pneumonia:

i) Newborn
ii) Older children

A

Mx Pneumonia:
Newborn- IV Broad Spec Abx
Older children- amoxicillin / co-amoxical (if severe)

33
Q

Characteristics of UAO

A

Stridor
Horseness- inflamed vocal cords
Dyspnoea
Barking cough

34
Q

Commonest cause of UAO?

A

Croup

35
Q

Causes of UAO?

A

**Croup

Rare (epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, trauma to throat, laryngeal foreign body)

36
Q

Give 3 causes of Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease?

A

ASD
VSD
Persistent Ductus Arteriosus

37
Q

What are the 2 types of ASD?

A

Secundum (complete)

Partial atrioventricular septal defect

38
Q

Describe the murmur of ASD?

A

ASD= Ejection systolic

increased flow across right ventricular outflow tract

39
Q

Management of ASD?

A

Occlusion device via cardiac catheter

40
Q

Two categories of VSD?

A

Small <3mm

Large >3mm

41
Q

S&S of small VSD

A

Asymptomatic

Loud pansystolic murmur

42
Q

Mx small VSD

A

None- most spontaneously close.

Good dental hygiene to prevent bacterial endocarditis

43
Q

S&S large VSD

A

Signs of HF

Soft/no pansystolic murmur, loud P2 from raised PA diastolic pressure

44
Q

Ix large VSD

A

CXR (ABCDE, HF), ECG (biventricular hypertrophy), Echo

45
Q

Mx large VSD

A

Surgery
Diuretics
Additional calories (F2Thrive)

46
Q

Ductus arteriosus connects which structures?

A

Ductus Arteriosus:

Pulomary artery and descending aorta

47
Q

Ptx has continuous murmur beneath left clavicle and a collapsing/bounding pulse.
Diagnosis

A

Persistent Ductus Arteriosus

48
Q

Mx of Persistent Ductus Arteriosus?

A

Coil via catheter

49
Q

Two types of cyanosis

A

Peripheral and central

50
Q

What investigation can be used to diagnose cyanotic heart disease

A

Nitrogen washout

51
Q

Describe nitrogen washout

A

place in 100% O2 for 10 mins
PaO2 < 15kPa= cyanotic
PaO2>20= not cyanotic

52
Q

Causes of cyanotic heart disease

A

Complete atrioventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries

53
Q

Give 3 examples of congenital heart diseases which are outflow obstructions?

A

Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of Aorta

54
Q

Patient has ejection systolic murmur heard most loudly at ULSE, what is their diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary stenosis (URSE)

55
Q

Which outflow obstruction has RVH?

A

Pulmonary stenosis has RVH

56
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

asymptomatic

OR: CPoE, Syncope

57
Q

What would be seen on CXR for AS?

A

CXR AS:

LVH Dilates ascending aorta

58
Q

Mx of AS?

A

Aortic valvuloplasty or valve replacement

59
Q

What are the four clinical features of tetralogy of fallot?

A

VSD
RVTO
RVh
Overriding aorta

60
Q

S&S Tetralogy of fallot

A 
Loud ejection systolic LSE. 
Clubbing 
Rare- hypercyanotic spells:
rapid cyanosis w/assoc. inconsolable crying due to hypoxia + pallor due to acidosis. 
C
61
Q

Newborn has transposition of great arteries, when are they likely to first show signs?

A

Day 1-2 when the ductus arteriosus closes

62
Q

Mx of transposition of great arteries?

A

Prostaglandin infusion to maintain PDA
Balloon atrial septostomy (catherter into LA, inflate balloon and pull back into RA ripping septum)
Surgical switch procedure

63
Q

Complete atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDc) are most common in what category of newborns?

A

Downs’ syndrome

64
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of a supraventricular tachycardia

A

Hr 250-300bpm

Premature activation of atrium via accessory pathway (re-entry)

65
Q

Mx of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Vagal stimulation
IV Adenosine
Electrical cardioversion

Digoxin to maintain

66
Q

Causative organism for Rheumatic fever?

A

Group A Beta-Haemolytic strep

67
Q

Give 2 major and 2 minor symptoms from Jones’ criteria of Rheumatic Fever?

A

Major:
Polyarthritis, Pericarditis, Endocarditis, Myocarditis
Involuntary movements, emotional liability

Minor:
Fever, Polyarthralgia, Hx Rh, Prolonger P-R

68
Q

Complication of recurrent rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral stenosis

69
Q

Commonest cause of Infective Endocarditis?

A

Strep Viridans

70
Q

3 potential causes of IE?

A

Prosthetic valve
PDA
Coarctation of aorta
VSD

71
Q

S&S of Kawasaki’s disease?

A

Conjunctival infection, red/dry/cracked lips, strawberry tongue, rash, red/peeling palms/fingers&toes

72
Q

Tx Kawasaki’s disease?

A

IV immunoglobulins

Aspirin

73
Q

Mongolion blue spots are more common in children with what type of skin?

A

Darker skin

74
Q

How many cafe au lait patches should make us suspect neurofibromatosis?

A

> 5

75
Q

What is erthema toxicum/infantile urticaria?

A

Similar to nettle sting rash appearance on baby

Nothing to worry about

76
Q

Give 3 causes of nappy rash?

A

Irritant (contact) dermatitis,
Infantile seborrheic dermatitis
Candida
Atopic eczema

77
Q

CCCK prodrome of measles?

A

Cough coryza conjuctival koplik spots in mouth

78
Q

patient has a first tonic clonic seizure, this lastes > 5mins. What do you give?

A 
Buccal midazolam / rectal dizazepam 
Lorazepam IV (in hospital)

Maud- Phase 3a (3 decks)

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