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GP > PAEDS > Flashcards

PAEDS Flashcards

1
Q

Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping cough) presentation

A

Afebrile, cough ,coryza, vomiting after cough

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2
Q

Pertussis investigation + management

A

Nasopharyngeal swab

Azithromycin or clarithromycin

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3
Q

Epiglottitis pathogen?

A

Hib

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4
Q

Epiglottitis ix + mx

A

Xray (avoid tongue depressor - elicit muscle spasm)

IV Ceftriaxone, intubation if severe resp distress

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5
Q

Rhinitis allergic vs non-allergic

A

Allergic: pollen, dust mites, mould
Non-allergic rhinitis: animals, food, drugs (aspirin), chemicals, infection, vasomotor (tobacco smoke, exercise, weather, perfume)

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6
Q

Rhinitis ix + mx

A

skin prick testing or IgE blood test

Mx: IN steroids (Beclamethasone, budenoside); antihistamines (loratidine, certirizine)

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7
Q

EBV presentation

A

Malaise, anorexia → fever, tonsillar exudate, generalised lymphadenopathy → fatigue
+/- hepatosplenomegaly, rash (amoxicillin-induced), arthritis

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8
Q

EBV ix + mx

A

Monospot test.

Supportive care.

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9
Q

Peritonsillar abscess clinical features

A

Unilateral sore throat, odynophagia, “hot potato” voice, drooling, fever, referred ear pain, trismus (lock jaw), contralateral deviation of uvula

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10
Q

Peritonsillar abscess mx

A

Penicillin + drainage

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11
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess

A

Torticollis (stiff neck), fever, odynophagia, drooling, palpable neck pain, stridor
Ix: CT with IV contrast
Mx: Antibiotics (Timentin IV)

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12
Q

Hand foot and mouth disease (coxsackie virus) presentation

A

high fever, fatigue, non-itchy blisters (side of tongue, palate, nappy area, soles, palms), sore throat

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13
Q

Rubella presentation

A

Respiratory symptoms + suboccipital adenopathy → maculopapular rash (initially face, then spread to entire body; pruritic), pink eye

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14
Q

Pregnancy + rubella. Complications and when to give vaccine?

A

Mother infected in first 4 months pregnancy may result in congenital rubella syndrome (deafness, blindness, heart disease).
Do not give rubella vaccine in pregnancy, or 1 month before

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15
Q

Mumps presentation and ix

A

Fever, headache, PAROTITIS (bilateral inflammation of parotid glands - pushes earlobes up and out; ear pain; pain on chewing), myalgia
Ix: urine or saliva viral serology

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16
Q

Measles clinical features. 3Cs

A

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis.
Fever, eyelid oedema, Koplik spots.
Maculopapular rash spreads from face + hairline, in descending fashion

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17
Q

Varicella Zoster presentation.

A

Fever, resp symptoms → rash (pruritic, vesicles, erythematous) → vesicles burst + crust over

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18
Q

WHy should pregnant women be careful of VZV infection and what should be done?

A

Maternal infection in first trimester can cause congenital varicella syndrome (low birth weight, CNS abnormality, limb abnormality, eye defects). If mother develops VZV 2-5d after delivery, high risk of neonatal varicella = must give VZIg

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19
Q

Jones criteria of Rheumatic fever

A

SPACE: s/c nodules, pancarditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum

20
Q

Antibiotics for Rheumatic fever

A

Penicillin

21
Q

Scarlet fever clinical presentatoin

A

Acute onset fever (>38C), sore throat, strawberry tongue → pharyngitis, ‘sandpaper’ rash (perioral sparing, non-painful) → peeling

22
Q

Scarlet fever pathogen + abx

A

GABHS - penicillin

23
Q

CENTOR criteria for bacterial pharyngitis

A

No cough, tonsillar exudate, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy

24
Q

What is glue ear and how to treat

A

persistent serous otitis media causing conductive hearing loss. can cause long term language deficits. Do not treat if hearing not affected. Grommets if fluid persists.

25
Q

CSOM complications

A

hearing loss, mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, facial nerve paralysis, meningitis, brain abscess and sigmoid sinus thrombosis

26
Q

CSOM management

A

Ciprofloxacin. Do not use aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin (ototoxic)

27
Q

Common cause of AOM

A

Viral, Strep pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae

28
Q

Management of impetigo

A

Staph aureus - mupirocin (bactroban) or cephalexin

29
Q

Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

Meningitis vs encephalitis management

A

Meninigitis: Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone
Encephalitis: aciclovir

31
Q

Danger signs of paediatric illness

A

Convulsions, poor feeding, poor social interaction, poor sleep, non-responsive, chest indrawing, non-blanching rash, RR >40, stiff neck

32
Q

Croup presentation + mx

A

Barking cough + stridor. Consider prednisolone.

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningitis

A

photophobia, purpura (non-blanching rash - may be HSP), neck stiffness, confusion, full fontanelle, Kernig’s sign, signs of encephalitis (focal neuro)

34
Q

Bacterial meningitis pathogens

A

Strep pneumoniae (GP diplococci), Neisseria meningitides (GN diplococci), Hib (GN coccobacilli), Listeria monocytogenes (GP rods)

35
Q

List 5 examinations and conditions to look for on 6 week GP check

A

1) Undescended testes
2) Hip dysplasia
3) Heart defects
4) Cerebral palsy
5) oral thrush/ cleft palate

36
Q

What is blanitis + causal organism

A

Inflammation of glans penis resulting in rash over glans + under foreskin. May have discharge/odor.
Candida (not STI).

37
Q

DDx for nappy rash

A

Threadworms
Seborrheic dermatitis - non-itchy, salmon pink flaky patches
Eczema, psoriasis
Zinc deficiency - sharply defined, red, anogenital rash. Perioral dermatitis, failure to thrive, alopecia, diarrhoea
Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis - chronic anogenital + scalp erosive rash unresponsive to treatment. Purpura, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea, bone pain, pancytopenia.

38
Q

Testicular torsion clinical features + mx

A

Discolouration of scrotum; tender and swollen testis, high riding. Cremasteric reflex absent.
Keep fasted. Urology referral for surgical consultation

39
Q

Torsion of the appendix testis clinical features + mx

A

Focal tenderness at upper pole of testis; “blue dot” sign

Analgesia, rest.

40
Q

Epididymoorchitis clinical features + mx

A

Onset may be insidious; fever, vomiting, irritative LUTS; penile discharge, dysuria. Red, tender, swollen hemiscrotum.
First-pass urine sample (first morning urine) for chlamydia and gonococcus PCR
Co-trimoxazole

41
Q

Idiopathic scrotal oedema

clinical features

A

Rapid onset of painless but notable oedema

42
Q

Hydrocele clinical features

A

Soft, non-tender swelling adjacent to testis; transilluminates (often self-resorbs)

43
Q

Varicocele clinical features

A

Mass of varicose veins (“bag of worms”) above testicle, non-tender, more prominent when standing.

44
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpura triad

A

1) purpura over butt + lower limbs extonsor surfaces, 2) arthralgia, 3) abdo pain with GI bleeding (4) haematuria)

45
Q

What is dyschezia and is it normal in

A

Healthy infants (

46
Q

Laxatives for paediatric constipation

A

Movicol or paraffin oil.

If

GP (5 decks)

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