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Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

what is (C)aput (S)uccedaneum

A

A puffy swelling that occurs on the presenting part and (C)rosses (S)uture lines. this occurs due to pressure on head during birth

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2
Q

What is Cephalohematoma?

A

haemorrhage between the skull and periosteum - cannot cross suture lines

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3
Q

Duchene’s Muscular dystrophy presentation

A

Calf hyperplasia and a positive Gowers test (walking the arms up the legs to get up from the floor)

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4
Q

Patent ductus arteriosis Examination findings

A

Machinery like murmur
heaving apex beat
wide pulse pressure
left sub clavicular thrill

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5
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis aka Hashimoto’s

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6
Q

What features are associated with fragile x

A

Learning difficulties, joint laxity, long thin face and low set ears

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7
Q

What is a common migraine symptom in children

A

gastrointestinal disturbance eg vomiting

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8
Q

Kernicterus cause

A

Excess Unconjugated bilirubin

ABO compatiblity
Congenital hypothyroid
Breast milk jaundice
G6pd deficiency

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9
Q

Cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

A

Biliary atresia

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10
Q

Which bilirubin causes kernicterus and why

A

Unconjugated - is not water soluble so can cross blood brain barrier
Conjugated is water soluble

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11
Q

Acute otitis media treatment

A

Oral Amoxicillin

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12
Q

Bacterial tonsillitis cause

A

Streptococcus pyrogens

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13
Q

Can headlice cause failure to thrive

A

No

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14
Q

Can cerebral palsy cause failure to thrive

A

Yes

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15
Q

What does ASQ.3 questionnaire assess

A

Childhood development

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16
Q

Pathophysiology of hirschprungs

A

Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the mesenteric plexus

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17
Q

Syndrome associated with hirschprungs

A

Downs
Waardenburg syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

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18
Q

Causes of delayed meconium passage

A

Hirschprungs
Cystic fibrosis
Hypothyroid

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19
Q

Paediatric red flags

A

Rr over 60
Grunting
Severe chest indrawing
Loss of consciousness
No response to social cues
Mottled skin
Loss of skin turgur
Non blanching rash
Neck stiffness
Bulging fontanel
Focal neurological signs

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20
Q

Paeds Fluid bolus calculator

A

10ml/kg over less than 10 minutes 0.9% NaCl

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21
Q

Paeds maintenance fluid calculator plus fluid type

A

100ml for first 10kg
50ml for second 10
20mls for more

0.9% NaCl plus glucose

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22
Q

Gross hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications on MRI
Mother consumed undercooked meat in pregnancy

Name and treatment

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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23
Q

Torch infections

A

toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
rubella
CMV
HSV

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24
Q

A 12-year-old boy presents with short stature, a webbed neck, widely spaced nipples, and facial dysmorphism. On cardiac auscultation, a systolic ejection murmur is heard.
what and what abnormality
What cardiac defect

A

Noonan syndrome
abnormality mutation in ptpn11- autosomal dominant
Pulmonary valve stenosis

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25
A 6-year-old boy is referred for evaluation of short stature, elfin facial features, and developmental delay. On examination, his iris appears to be star-like and blood results show hypercalcaemia. Which of the following is the most characteristic cardiovascular abnormality associated with this syndrome? what condition what abnormality what cardiac defect
william syndrome deletion from chromosome 7, specifically affecting the 7q11.23 Supravalvular aortic stenosis
26
atypical UTI features
systemically unwell child small flank mass poor urine flow abnormal organism growth raised creatinine failure to respond to treatment within 48 hours
27
A 9 month old girl will suddenly spasm repetitively, and this occurs randomly. On examination she has retinal hamartomas and has a developmental age of 6 months. What condition and most likely EEG finding for this young girl?
West syndrome - tuberous sclerosis (retinal haemotomas) and slower developmental milestones hypsarrhythmia
28
A 14 year old girl has been seen by paediatrics due to 2 fractures in the last month in different locations. Her mother is extremely worried. On examination the child is extremely thin, has a blue tinge to the whites of her eyes and her teeth are poorly formed for her age. Condition, genetic abnormality
mutation in COL1A1/COL1A2 osteogenesis imperfecta
29
What causes hand foot and mouth
Coxsackie A19
30
What vaccines are live attenuated
MMR, BCG, chickenpox, nasal influenza
31
What conditions are screened for on the newborn bloodspot test
Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell disease Congenital hypothyroid Maple syrup urine disease Phenylketonuria Homocystinurea Isovaleric acidaemia Total of 9
32
At what age is the newborn blood spot test done
5 days old
33
Symptoms, diagnostic test and treatment of toxoplasmosis infections
Intrauterine growth restriction and encephalitis/hydrocephalus MRI head shows diffuse intracranial calcification Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
34
What do you treat mum of toxiplasmosis with
Spiramicin
35
Syphilis causative organism, symptoms, investigation and treatment
Treponema pallidum Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
36
Syphilis causative organism and symptoms
Treponema pallidum Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
37
Syphilis test and treatment
Treponema pallidum Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
38
Rubella causative organism, symptoms,diagnosis and treatment
Togavirus Blueberry muffin rash, sensorineural hearing loss, congenital cateracts, patenent ductus arteriosus IgM antibodies testing Supportive management
39
Cytomegalovirus symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Vague sx, rash/neuro symptoms Peri ventricular calcification IV gancyclovir
40
Hsv symptoms and treatment
Encephalitis IV acyclovir
41
What is assessed on apgar
Reflexes Heart rate Muscle tone Cry skin colour Chest expansion
42
Treatment for pyloric stenosis
Ramsteds procedure
43
What is seen in SUFE on examination
Restricted internal rotation Keep hip in external rotation and flexion
44
Blood test in rickets
Low vitamin D Low calcium High alkaline phosphate
45
Triad of shaken baby sybdrome
Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy
46
A 2 day old term infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. A contrast enema shows impacted meconium pellets in the distal ileum and a microcolon involving the entire large bowel. what condition
cystic fibrosis
47
Neonatal jaundice treatment
mild - phototherapy severe - exchange transfusion
48
which hepatitis is screened for in pregnancy and if this proves positive, the baby is immunised at birth, and during the neonatal period to prevent mother to child transmission.
hepatitis B
49
Scarlet fever school exclusion
24 hours after antibiotics
50
Measles school exclusion
4 days after rash appears
51
Whooping cough school exclusion
48 hours after antibiotics
52
Rubella school exclusion
5 days after rash
53
asthma inital treatment options
Nebulised Salbutamol Nebulised Ipratropium Corticosteroids (oral or IV)
54
asthma IV treatment options
salbutamol magnesium corticosteroids
55
meningicoccus appearance
gram negative diplococci
56
SUFE investigation
Hip X-ray - AP and frogs leg view Take care in frogs leg as can worsen SUFE
57
Perthes disease presentation and age
Mild pain/painless limp 3 months Limited abduction/internal rotation Age 5-8
58
Perthes disease pathology and complications
Avascular necrosis if femoral head Early osteoarthritis Hip deformity Leg length discrepancy
59
Developmental hip dysplasia treatment under what age and over
Under 6m - pavlik harness Over - surgery/casting
60
Swelling at tibial tuberosity in active adolescent
Osgood schlatters
61
Osgood schlatters diagnosis
Clinical -
62
Osgood schlatters risk factors
Rapid growth spurs Physical activity High impact sport Previous knee injury
63
Osteogenesis imperfecta symptms
Reccurent fractures Blue sclera Easy bruising Dentinogenesis imperfecta
64
Osteogenesis imperfecta treatment
Physiotherapy Bisphosphonates - zoledronic acid Bracing
65
Osteogenesis imperfecta complications
Frequent fracture Bone deformities Joint hyper mobility Scoliosis

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