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Weak spots > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

what is (C)aput (S)uccedaneum

A

A puffy swelling that occurs on the presenting part and (C)rosses (S)uture lines. this occurs due to pressure on head during birth

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2
Q

What is Cephalohematoma?

A

haemorrhage between the skull and periosteum - cannot cross suture lines

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3
Q

Duchene’s Muscular dystrophy presentation

A

Calf hyperplasia and a positive Gowers test (walking the arms up the legs to get up from the floor)

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4
Q

Patent ductus arteriosis Examination findings

A

Machinery like murmur
heaving apex beat
wide pulse pressure
left sub clavicular thrill

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5
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis aka Hashimoto’s

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6
Q

What features are associated with fragile x

A

Learning difficulties, joint laxity, long thin face and low set ears

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7
Q

What is a common migraine symptom in children

A

gastrointestinal disturbance eg vomiting

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8
Q

Kernicterus cause

A

Excess Unconjugated bilirubin

ABO compatiblity
Congenital hypothyroid
Breast milk jaundice
G6pd deficiency

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9
Q

Cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

A

Biliary atresia

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10
Q

Which bilirubin causes kernicterus and why

A

Unconjugated - is not water soluble so can cross blood brain barrier
Conjugated is water soluble

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11
Q

Acute otitis media treatment

A

Oral Amoxicillin

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12
Q

Bacterial tonsillitis cause

A

Streptococcus pyrogens

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13
Q

Can headlice cause failure to thrive

A

No

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14
Q

Can cerebral palsy cause failure to thrive

A

Yes

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15
Q

What does ASQ.3 questionnaire assess

A

Childhood development

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16
Q

Pathophysiology of hirschprungs

A

Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the mesenteric plexus

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17
Q

Syndrome associated with hirschprungs

A

Downs
Waardenburg syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

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18
Q

Causes of delayed meconium passage

A

Hirschprungs
Cystic fibrosis
Hypothyroid

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19
Q

Paediatric red flags

A

Rr over 60
Grunting
Severe chest indrawing
Loss of consciousness
No response to social cues
Mottled skin
Loss of skin turgur
Non blanching rash
Neck stiffness
Bulging fontanel
Focal neurological signs

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20
Q

Paeds Fluid bolus calculator

A

10ml/kg over less than 10 minutes 0.9% NaCl

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21
Q

Paeds maintenance fluid calculator plus fluid type

A

100ml for first 10kg
50ml for second 10
20mls for more

0.9% NaCl plus glucose

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22
Q

Gross hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications on MRI
Mother consumed undercooked meat in pregnancy

Name and treatment

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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23
Q

Torch infections

A

toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
rubella
CMV
HSV

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24
Q

A 12-year-old boy presents with short stature, a webbed neck, widely spaced nipples, and facial dysmorphism. On cardiac auscultation, a systolic ejection murmur is heard.
what and what abnormality
What cardiac defect

A

Noonan syndrome
abnormality mutation in ptpn11- autosomal dominant
Pulmonary valve stenosis

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25
Q

A 6-year-old boy is referred for evaluation of short stature, elfin facial features, and developmental delay. On examination, his iris appears to be star-like and blood results show hypercalcaemia.
Which of the following is the most characteristic cardiovascular abnormality associated with this syndrome?

what condition what abnormality what cardiac defect

A

william syndrome
deletion from chromosome 7, specifically affecting the 7q11.23
Supravalvular aortic stenosis

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26
Q

atypical UTI features

A

systemically unwell child
small flank mass
poor urine flow
abnormal organism growth
raised creatinine
failure to respond to treatment within 48 hours

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27
Q

A 9 month old girl will suddenly spasm repetitively, and this occurs randomly. On examination she has retinal hamartomas and has a developmental age of 6 months.
What condition and most likely EEG finding for this young girl?

A

West syndrome - tuberous sclerosis (retinal haemotomas) and slower developmental milestones

hypsarrhythmia

28
Q

A 14 year old girl has been seen by paediatrics due to 2 fractures in the last month in different locations. Her mother is extremely worried. On examination the child is extremely thin, has a blue tinge to the whites of her eyes and her teeth are poorly formed for her age.

Condition, genetic abnormality

A

mutation in COL1A1/COL1A2

osteogenesis imperfecta

29
Q

What causes hand foot and mouth

A

Coxsackie A19

30
Q

What vaccines are live attenuated

A

MMR, BCG, chickenpox, nasal influenza

31
Q

What conditions are screened for on the newborn bloodspot test

A

Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell disease
Congenital hypothyroid

Maple syrup urine disease
Phenylketonuria
Homocystinurea
Isovaleric acidaemia

Total of 9

32
Q

At what age is the newborn blood spot test done

A

5 days old

33
Q

Symptoms, diagnostic test and treatment of toxoplasmosis infections

A

Intrauterine growth restriction and encephalitis/hydrocephalus

MRI head shows diffuse intracranial calcification

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

34
Q

What do you treat mum of toxiplasmosis with

A

Spiramicin

35
Q

Syphilis causative organism, symptoms, investigation and treatment

A

Treponema pallidum

Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors

Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy

Treatment IM benzathine penicillin

36
Q

Syphilis causative organism and symptoms

A

Treponema pallidum

Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors

Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy

Treatment IM benzathine penicillin

37
Q

Syphilis test and treatment

A

Treponema pallidum

Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors

Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy

Treatment IM benzathine penicillin

38
Q

Rubella causative organism, symptoms,diagnosis and treatment

A

Togavirus

Blueberry muffin rash, sensorineural hearing loss, congenital cateracts, patenent ductus arteriosus

IgM antibodies testing

Supportive management

39
Q

Cytomegalovirus symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

A

Vague sx, rash/neuro symptoms
Peri ventricular calcification
IV gancyclovir

40
Q

Hsv symptoms and treatment

A

Encephalitis

IV acyclovir

41
Q

What is assessed on apgar

A

Reflexes
Heart rate
Muscle tone
Cry
skin colour
Chest expansion

42
Q

Treatment for pyloric stenosis

A

Ramsteds procedure

43
Q

What is seen in SUFE on examination

A

Restricted internal rotation
Keep hip in external rotation and flexion

44
Q

Blood test in rickets

A

Low vitamin D
Low calcium
High alkaline phosphate

45
Q

Triad of shaken baby sybdrome

A

Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy

46
Q

A 2 day old term infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. A contrast enema shows impacted meconium pellets in the distal ileum and a microcolon involving the entire large bowel. what condition

A

cystic fibrosis

47
Q

Neonatal jaundice treatment

A

mild - phototherapy
severe - exchange transfusion

48
Q

which hepatitis is screened for in pregnancy and if this proves positive, the baby is immunised at birth, and during the neonatal period to prevent mother to child transmission.

A

hepatitis B

49
Q

Scarlet fever school exclusion

A

24 hours after antibiotics

50
Q

Measles school exclusion

A

4 days after rash appears

51
Q

Whooping cough school exclusion

A

48 hours after antibiotics

52
Q

Rubella school exclusion

A

5 days after rash

53
Q

asthma inital treatment options

A

Nebulised Salbutamol
Nebulised Ipratropium
Corticosteroids (oral or IV)

54
Q

asthma IV treatment options

A

salbutamol
magnesium
corticosteroids

55
Q

meningicoccus appearance

A

gram negative diplococci

56
Q

SUFE investigation

A

Hip X-ray - AP and frogs leg view
Take care in frogs leg as can worsen SUFE

57
Q

Perthes disease presentation and age

A

Mild pain/painless limp
3 months
Limited abduction/internal rotation
Age 5-8

58
Q

Perthes disease pathology and complications

A

Avascular necrosis if femoral head

Early osteoarthritis
Hip deformity
Leg length discrepancy

59
Q

Developmental hip dysplasia treatment under what age and over

A

Under 6m - pavlik harness
Over - surgery/casting

60
Q

Swelling at tibial tuberosity in active adolescent

A

Osgood schlatters

61
Q

Osgood schlatters diagnosis

A

Clinical -

62
Q

Osgood schlatters risk factors

A

Rapid growth spurs
Physical activity
High impact sport
Previous knee injury

63
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta symptms

A

Reccurent fractures
Blue sclera
Easy bruising
Dentinogenesis imperfecta

64
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta treatment

A

Physiotherapy
Bisphosphonates - zoledronic acid
Bracing

65
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta complications

A

Frequent fracture
Bone deformities
Joint hyper mobility
Scoliosis

Weak spots (7 decks)

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