Paeds Flashcards
what is (C)aput (S)uccedaneum
A puffy swelling that occurs on the presenting part and (C)rosses (S)uture lines. this occurs due to pressure on head during birth
What is Cephalohematoma?
haemorrhage between the skull and periosteum - cannot cross suture lines
Duchene’s Muscular dystrophy presentation
Calf hyperplasia and a positive Gowers test (walking the arms up the legs to get up from the floor)
Patent ductus arteriosis Examination findings
Machinery like murmur
heaving apex beat
wide pulse pressure
left sub clavicular thrill
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children
Autoimmune thyroiditis aka Hashimoto’s
What features are associated with fragile x
Learning difficulties, joint laxity, long thin face and low set ears
What is a common migraine symptom in children
gastrointestinal disturbance eg vomiting
Kernicterus cause
Excess Unconjugated bilirubin
ABO compatiblity
Congenital hypothyroid
Breast milk jaundice
G6pd deficiency
Cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Biliary atresia
Which bilirubin causes kernicterus and why
Unconjugated - is not water soluble so can cross blood brain barrier
Conjugated is water soluble
Acute otitis media treatment
Oral Amoxicillin
Bacterial tonsillitis cause
Streptococcus pyrogens
Can headlice cause failure to thrive
No
Can cerebral palsy cause failure to thrive
Yes
What does ASQ.3 questionnaire assess
Childhood development
Pathophysiology of hirschprungs
Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the mesenteric plexus
Syndrome associated with hirschprungs
Downs
Waardenburg syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Causes of delayed meconium passage
Hirschprungs
Cystic fibrosis
Hypothyroid
Paediatric red flags
Rr over 60
Grunting
Severe chest indrawing
Loss of consciousness
No response to social cues
Mottled skin
Loss of skin turgur
Non blanching rash
Neck stiffness
Bulging fontanel
Focal neurological signs
Paeds Fluid bolus calculator
10ml/kg over less than 10 minutes 0.9% NaCl
Paeds maintenance fluid calculator plus fluid type
100ml for first 10kg
50ml for second 10
20mls for more
0.9% NaCl plus glucose
Gross hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications on MRI
Mother consumed undercooked meat in pregnancy
Name and treatment
Congenital toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
Torch infections
toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
rubella
CMV
HSV
A 12-year-old boy presents with short stature, a webbed neck, widely spaced nipples, and facial dysmorphism. On cardiac auscultation, a systolic ejection murmur is heard.
what and what abnormality
What cardiac defect
Noonan syndrome
abnormality mutation in ptpn11- autosomal dominant
Pulmonary valve stenosis
A 6-year-old boy is referred for evaluation of short stature, elfin facial features, and developmental delay. On examination, his iris appears to be star-like and blood results show hypercalcaemia.
Which of the following is the most characteristic cardiovascular abnormality associated with this syndrome?
what condition what abnormality what cardiac defect
william syndrome
deletion from chromosome 7, specifically affecting the 7q11.23
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
atypical UTI features
systemically unwell child
small flank mass
poor urine flow
abnormal organism growth
raised creatinine
failure to respond to treatment within 48 hours
A 9 month old girl will suddenly spasm repetitively, and this occurs randomly. On examination she has retinal hamartomas and has a developmental age of 6 months.
What condition and most likely EEG finding for this young girl?
West syndrome - tuberous sclerosis (retinal haemotomas) and slower developmental milestones
hypsarrhythmia
A 14 year old girl has been seen by paediatrics due to 2 fractures in the last month in different locations. Her mother is extremely worried. On examination the child is extremely thin, has a blue tinge to the whites of her eyes and her teeth are poorly formed for her age.
Condition, genetic abnormality
mutation in COL1A1/COL1A2
osteogenesis imperfecta
What causes hand foot and mouth
Coxsackie A19
What vaccines are live attenuated
MMR, BCG, chickenpox, nasal influenza
What conditions are screened for on the newborn bloodspot test
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell disease
Congenital hypothyroid
Maple syrup urine disease
Phenylketonuria
Homocystinurea
Isovaleric acidaemia
Total of 9
At what age is the newborn blood spot test done
5 days old
Symptoms, diagnostic test and treatment of toxoplasmosis infections
Intrauterine growth restriction and encephalitis/hydrocephalus
MRI head shows diffuse intracranial calcification
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
What do you treat mum of toxiplasmosis with
Spiramicin
Syphilis causative organism, symptoms, investigation and treatment
Treponema pallidum
Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors
Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy
Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
Syphilis causative organism and symptoms
Treponema pallidum
Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors
Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy
Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
Syphilis test and treatment
Treponema pallidum
Symptoms: huchinsons triad - interstitial keratitis, sensory neural deafness, notched incisors
Tests: syphilis enzyme immunoassay or dark field microscopy
Treatment IM benzathine penicillin
Rubella causative organism, symptoms,diagnosis and treatment
Togavirus
Blueberry muffin rash, sensorineural hearing loss, congenital cateracts, patenent ductus arteriosus
IgM antibodies testing
Supportive management
Cytomegalovirus symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Vague sx, rash/neuro symptoms
Peri ventricular calcification
IV gancyclovir
Hsv symptoms and treatment
Encephalitis
IV acyclovir
What is assessed on apgar
Reflexes
Heart rate
Muscle tone
Cry
skin colour
Chest expansion
Treatment for pyloric stenosis
Ramsteds procedure
What is seen in SUFE on examination
Restricted internal rotation
Keep hip in external rotation and flexion
Blood test in rickets
Low vitamin D
Low calcium
High alkaline phosphate
Triad of shaken baby sybdrome
Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy
A 2 day old term infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. A contrast enema shows impacted meconium pellets in the distal ileum and a microcolon involving the entire large bowel. what condition
cystic fibrosis
Neonatal jaundice treatment
mild - phototherapy
severe - exchange transfusion
which hepatitis is screened for in pregnancy and if this proves positive, the baby is immunised at birth, and during the neonatal period to prevent mother to child transmission.
hepatitis B
Scarlet fever school exclusion
24 hours after antibiotics
Measles school exclusion
4 days after rash appears
Whooping cough school exclusion
48 hours after antibiotics
Rubella school exclusion
5 days after rash
asthma inital treatment options
Nebulised Salbutamol
Nebulised Ipratropium
Corticosteroids (oral or IV)
asthma IV treatment options
salbutamol
magnesium
corticosteroids
meningicoccus appearance
gram negative diplococci
SUFE investigation
Hip X-ray - AP and frogs leg view
Take care in frogs leg as can worsen SUFE
Perthes disease presentation and age
Mild pain/painless limp
3 months
Limited abduction/internal rotation
Age 5-8
Perthes disease pathology and complications
Avascular necrosis if femoral head
Early osteoarthritis
Hip deformity
Leg length discrepancy
Developmental hip dysplasia treatment under what age and over
Under 6m - pavlik harness
Over - surgery/casting
Swelling at tibial tuberosity in active adolescent
Osgood schlatters
Osgood schlatters diagnosis
Clinical -
Osgood schlatters risk factors
Rapid growth spurs
Physical activity
High impact sport
Previous knee injury
Osteogenesis imperfecta symptms
Reccurent fractures
Blue sclera
Easy bruising
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta treatment
Physiotherapy
Bisphosphonates - zoledronic acid
Bracing
Osteogenesis imperfecta complications
Frequent fracture
Bone deformities
Joint hyper mobility
Scoliosis
