Paeds

Question 1

Intussusception

Answer 1

Iliocolic most common
Causes include: mostly not found, Lymph nodes, meckels diverticulum as lead point
If meckles, lymphoma etc do not attempt
Contraindication to air enema: pneumoperitoneum
Increasing pneumoperitoneum causes cardiac and renal failure due to pressure

Question 2

Lateral neck Xray:

Answer 2

Prevertebral soft tissue should not be more than 50% width of the adjacent vertebral body

Question 3

Mucopolysacchyridosis - lysosomal storage condition

Answer 3

Bullet shaped vertebra
J shaped sella
Macrocephaly
Cervical canal stenosis at level of atlanto-axial joint (C1/2). Dysplastic odontoid process with surrounding soft tissue thickening

Question 4

Normal renal size on antenatal renal US

Answer 4

Normal renal length in mm corresponds to gestation in weeks
Is is 40wks gestation, normal renal length is 40mm

Question 5

ADPCKD in neonates

Answer 5

Enlarged hyperechoic kidney, cysts in newborn is abnormal (may start developing around age 20 in normal pt)

Question 6

Bilateral parotid disease

Answer 6

Sjogrens: first inflammatory, then atrophic
Mumps
Mononucleosis

Question 7

Urachal remnant tract

Answer 7

Can have remnant cyst anywhere along the tract
Rarely the entire tract is patent

Question 8

Malignancies of Infancy and Childhood

Answer 8

Question 9

Neuroblastomas

Answer 9

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and the most frequently diagnosed tumor of infancy.

Prognosis tends to be better in younger patients, even if presenting with similar disease extent

The term neuroblastic tumor includes tumors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla that are derived from primordial neural crest cells populating these sites.

neuroblastic tumors demonstrate certain characteristic features including spontaneous or therapy-induced differentiation of primitive neuroblasts into mature elements, spontaneous tumor regression, and a wide range of clinical behavior and prognosis, which often mirror the extent of histologic differentiation

In childhood about 40% of neuroblastomas arise in the adrenal medulla. The remainder occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, with the most common locations being the paravertebral region of the abdomen (25%) and posterior mediastinum (15%).