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Year 4 > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

newborn Mx immediately after birth

A 
skin to skin contact 
clamp umbilical cord 
dry baby 
keep baby warm - hat & blankets
vit K (babies are born with deficiency vit K - IM vit K in thigh)
label baby
weigh baby
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2
Q

newborn Mx - out of the delivery room

A

newborn examination within 24hrs
blood spot test
hearing test

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3
Q

newborn resusitation (rapid action needed for a baby who doesn’t breathe within 30 seconds of birth or who exibits slow gasping. Bradycardia also indicates hypoxia. What is the Mx

A

warm, vigorous drying
(babies under 28wks placed in a plastic bag and go under heat lamp)
APGAR score
if gasping / unable to breathe consider aspiration using suction catheter
can also give inflation breaths - give O2 with bag-valve mask
still no responce - chest compressions, consider intubation & IV drugs

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4
Q

If baby near or at term and has prolonged hypoxia therefore at v high risk hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) what is Mx

A

theapeutic hypothermia

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5
Q

salmon patch - aka nevus simplex - very common what is Mx

A

usually fades by age 2

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6
Q

haemangionmas - blood vessels that form a raised red lump on the skin - usually shrink by age 7 but when is Tx indicated

A

if they affect vision, breathing or feeding

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7
Q

mouding = change of head shape during delivery - what is Mx

A

its common & resolves in a couple of days

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8
Q

heart mumurs are very common in babies & most relate to transition from foetal to neonatal circulatory pattern - what is Mx

A

disappear after first few days

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9
Q

Mx neonatal jaundice

A

phototherapy

exchange transfusion - excahnge of babies blood with donated blood / plasma in order to decrease circulating levels of bilirubin

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10
Q

mongolian blue spot (blue / grey lesions in the sacral area) Mx

A

do not require Mx

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11
Q

cafe au lait spots Mx

A

are themselves benign but may indicate neurofibromatosis type 1,

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12
Q

neonatal milia (tiny white bumps) Mx

A

clear by themselves & no Tx is needed - parental reassurance

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13
Q

erythema toxium (small erythematous papules & vesicles) - can appear & disappear quite rapidly - Mx?

A

reassurance

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14
Q

capillary haemangiomas (raised red lump on the skin, get bigger up to 1 year in age and then shink & diappear by age 7) - require Tx if affecting vision, breathing or feeding - what is Tx

A

steroid injection

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15
Q

port wine stain - type of birth mark that grows as child grows & therefore stays into adulthood (sometimes associated with genetic diseases) what can improve lesions?

A

laser therapy

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16
Q

caphalohaematoma (subperiosteal haemorhages - does not cross the midline). Mx

A

most resolve spontaneously
(but do monitor for signs of jaundice & anaemia)
CT FU a few months later

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17
Q

haemolytic disease (maternal IgG antibodies cross the palcenta & reacts with foetal blood & antigens e.g ABO incompatibility + rhesus incompatibility) - Mx

A

antiD at 28 wks - prevention

if it does occur - wash out maternal antibodies by series exchange transfusion
aggressive phototherapy
intravenous immunoglobulin

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18
Q

initial Mx of premature bith happens antentally - what can be given

A

steroids

mag sulphate

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19
Q

prematurity - respiratory Mx e.g RDS, surfacatnt lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A 
exogenous surfactant
intubation & mechanical ventilation 
high flow O2
intubators 
caffine administartion for apnoeas
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20
Q

prematuraity - cardiovasuclar Mx e.g hypotension, perfusion abnormalities, patent ductus arteriosus

A 
inotrope infusion (e.g adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine)
fluid Mx
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21
Q

prematurity neurological Mx - intraventricular haemorrhages, seizures, developmental delay

A

survelliance with CrUSS
regular head circumferance measurements
antiepileptic drugs e.g phenobarbital, phenytoin
neurodevelopmental FU

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22
Q

prematurity GI Mx - e.g immature gut causing feed intolerance, necroising enterocolitis

A

TPN
ABx therapy
surgical r/v if necrotoising enterocolitis suspected

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23
Q

prematurity - renal Mx e.g immature renal funstion

A

fluid management
electrolyte supplements
catheristaion if needed

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24
Q

prematurity - metabolic Mx e.g jaundice, hyper/hypoglycaemia

A

phototherapy exchange transfusion, insulin transfusion

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25
Q

prematurity complictions - sepsis Mx

A

septic screen

IV ABx

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26
Q

prematurity - skin & thermoregulation Mx - immature skin barrier leading to infection, water loss & decreased thermoregulation

A

incubator use

aseptic tecnique

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27
Q

prematurity - eyes Mx e.g retinopathy of prematurity

A

avoid XS oxygen exposure

optahlmology input & laser therapy if needed

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28
Q

RDS (antenatally steroids are given) postnatal Mx?

A

surfactant replacement therapy

assisted ventilation - mechanical ventilation, CPAP, supplementary O2

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29
Q

talipes (club foot) Mx - postural talipes

A

physio

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30
Q

talipes (club foot) Mx - structural talipes - talipes equinovarus

A

orthopaedic referral for splitage or surgery

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31
Q

talipes (club foot) - strucutral talipes - talpies calcaneovalgus Mx

A

usually self corrects

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32
Q

bacterial meningitis Mx

A 
IM benzypenicillin in GP
under 3 months - cefotaxime + amocillin IV
over 3 months - ceftriaxone IV
steroids - dexa - to avoid hearing loss
notifiable disease
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33
Q

viral meningitis Mx

A

usually milder than bacterial

aciclovir can be used

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34
Q

septicameia Mx

A

A to E
BUFALO (IV or IO ABx)
children are patricularly prone to hypoglycaemia when unwell therefore can give bolus dextrose)

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35
Q

chicken pox (VZV) Mx

A

supportive & avoid pregnant women until crusted over

aciclovir - immunocompromised pt, adults & adolescents over 14yrs presenting with 24hrs serious infection

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36
Q

viral conjunctivities Mx

A

usually self limiting

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37
Q

bacterial meningitis Mx

A

chloramephenicol

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38
Q

food allergy Mx

A

exclude the allergen form the diet
eduaction on allergica attcak - epipen
antihistamines
for mild reactions

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39
Q

infectious mononucelosis Mx

A

usually slef limiting
but can cuase fatigue for several months
no contact sport for 8wks - risk spenic rupture
limit spread by not kissing / using utensils

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40
Q

kawaksaki disease Mx

A

IV immunoglobulins

high dose aspirin

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41
Q

reyes syndrome - progressive encephalopathy - aitiology not fully understood but known assoication aspirin. what is Mx

A

supportive

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42
Q

measles Mx

A

paracetamol / ibuprofen to relieve fever, aches & pains
drink water
stay off school for at least 4 days

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43
Q

periorbital cellulitis Mx

A

admission

oral co-amoxiclav

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44
Q

prophylaxis Tx baby HIV is mums viral load is less than 50 copies per ml

A

zidovudine for 4 wks

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45
Q

high risk babies mums viral laod is more than 50 copies per ml

A

zidovudine
lamivudine and
nevirapine for 4 wks

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46
Q

rubella - mild diseaes in childhood. Typically occurs in winter & spring Mx

A

supportive

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47
Q

rubella antentally less than 12 wks Mx

A

high liklihood defects - reasonable to consider TOP

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48
Q

rubella infection Mx 12-20wks antenatally

A

12-20 wks - TOP or suvelliance of pregancy by USS to identify features of congentital rubella syndrome

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49
Q

rubella infection Mx more than 20 wks antenatally

A

no action requires

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50
Q

acute asthma Mx

A

1st line - oxygen
salbuatmol nebs
ipratropium bromide (can be added to neb)
stetoids (3 days) oral pred

2nd line - IV salbutamol, mag sulphate

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51
Q

chronic Mx asthma (stepwise approach adding more in if not well controlled)

A

short acting beta agonist - salbutamol
ICS - e.g beclomathasone
LABA - salmetrol
then can add LRTA - montelukast

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52
Q

epglottitus Mx (life threatening infection caused by haempophilus influenzae - swelling of eppiglotis)

A

if suspect epiglottitus don’t examine throat
anaethetic
blood cultures
& IV ceftriaxone

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53
Q

tonisllitus - meets the centor criteria

A

benzlypenicillin then swtch to oral penicillin V when can swallow
paracet / ibuprofen for pain relief
tonsillectomy if meet criteria for recurrent tonisllitus

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54
Q

quincy (collection of pus in peritonsillar space) Mx

A

incision & drainage

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55
Q

croup Mx - admission depenedent on how severe. If severe group what is Mx

A

single dose oral dex

might need nebulised adrenaline

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56
Q

bronchioloitis - most cases can be managed at home with supportive measures e.g fluids, nutrition, temp control. Hospital admission if severe / underlying condition e.g CF. Mx?

A

oxygen
fluids
consider CPAP if reduced oral intake
airway suctioning if secretions

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57
Q

pneumonia Mx

A

amoxicillin
(can add erythromycin if atypical)
oxygen

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58
Q

CF Mx is by an MDT approach - airway clearance & sx mx

A

physiotherapy
mucolytics
uf chest infection - ABx, and prophylactic ABX needed in infants up to 3 yrs
regualr azithromycin to reduce exacerbations & improve lung function

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59
Q

CF Mx is by an MDT approach - nourishment & excercise

A

creon when eating meals
vit d & e supplements as these are fat soluble vitamins
build up milkshakes as children with CF have poor wt gain

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60
Q

Mx of acute inhaled foreign body

A

encourage to cough
back blows / chest thrusts
beguin CPR

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61
Q

Mx inhaled foreign body with late presentation - wheeze, stridor, infection

A

CXR

laryngoscopy / bronchoscopy for confirmation & retrieval

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62
Q

acute otitis media Mx - usually resolves itself & supportive Mx. However if child has discahrge or systemicall unwell or bilateral OM then the Mx

A

amoxicillin 5 days

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63
Q

TB Tx

A

rifampicin
isoniazid
ethambutol
pyrazinamide

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64
Q

whooping cough Mx - usually supportive Mx but may require admission to hospital for what Mx

A

fluids etc

ABx do not alter the clinical course of disease but can reduce period of infectivity therefore clarithromycin given

65
Q

iron deficiency anaemia Mx

A

dietary advice & supplemetal oral iron (e.g iron salts)

66
Q

management sickle cell anaemia (general)

A

avoid dehydration & other triggers
vaccines up to date (suseptible to infection)
ABx prophylaxis - e.g penicllin
blood transfusions - severe anaemia
hydroxycarbamide (if recurrent hospital admissions for painful vaso-occulsive crises)

67
Q

management acute sickle cell crisis

A

oral or IV analgesia
good hydration
warmth
O2

68
Q

thalassemia Tx

A

regualar blood transfusions & SC deferoxamine

69
Q

haemophilia Tx

A

infusions of affected factor - 7 or 8
TXA
desmospressin to stimulate the relesase of vWF

70
Q

HSP Mx

A

supportive
(seroids used to Tx severe GI pain / renal involvement)
monitor BP & urine dipstick

71
Q

leukameia Mx - immediate Mx

A

hyperhydration (to prevent viscosity)
steroids immediately
definitive Tx - MDT & primarily Tx with chemo

72
Q

lymphoma immediate Mx

A

high dose steroids
if SVCO - stenting to keep veins patent
if tumour lysis syndrome - hyperhydration & allopuroinol can also be used
definitive - chemotherapy & possibly radiotherapy

73
Q

1st line brain tumours kids

A

surgery

also chemo / radio can be considered

74
Q

neuroblastoma Mx

A

surgery with chemo / radio if metastatic - unfortunately most children over 1 year present with advance disease and therefore have poor prognosis

75
Q

wilms tumour Mx

A

initial chemo and then delayed nephrotomy

76
Q

tetraology of fallot Mx

A

CXR - boot shaped heart
ECG - right ventricular hypertrophy
echo- right to left shunt
surical repair

77
Q

atrial spetal defect - Mx - referral to paediatric cardiologist

A

if ASD is small & asymptomatic - watch & wait - can resolve spontaneously
surgery - transvenous catheter
anticoagulants - aspirin, warfarin, NOACs - reduce risk of clots & stroke in adults

78
Q

patent ductus arteriosus Mx

A

indomethacin or ibuprofen - inhibits prostaglandin synthesis & therefore closes the connection

79
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

prostaglandin E used to keep ductus arteriosus open whilst waiting for surgery
surgery then to correct coarctation & ligate ductus arteriosus

80
Q

transposition of great vessels Mx

A

maintainence ductus arteriousus with prostaglandins

surgicxal correction = definitive Tx

81
Q

constipation & soiling - step 1 dietary Mx

A

high fibre foods

stool softners - fruit, veg, water/juice

82
Q

constipation & soiling step 2 Mx - disimpaction

A

laxatives

manual excavation under GA - required in extreme cases usually children other problems e.g learning difficulties

83
Q

prevention soiling / constipation kids

A

encourage daily bowel movement
esablish a good toilet routine
diet & excercise

84
Q

gastroenerteristis Mx

A

main concern gastroeneteritis = dehydration
if admitted - isolate the pt
IV fluids
ABx not generally recommended / required

85
Q

reflux in newborns

A

reassurance - ususally improves with age

if breastfed with frequent regurg causing marked distress - use gaviscon after feeds

86
Q

vomiting - pyloric stenosis Mx

A

correct any fluid disturbance

definitive Tx = pyloromyotomy

87
Q

whooping cough - highly infectious disease caused by bacterium bordetella pertussis - Mx if acutely unwell, breathing difficulties, feding difficulties, significant complications e.g penumonia (mostly supportive Mx is enough for wooping cough)

A

swab
clarithromycin if under 1 month
azithromycin or clarithromycin for over 1 month

88
Q

cows milk protein allergy Mx

A

avoid cow milk

in infants that are formula fed need hypoallergenic formula

89
Q

abdo pain - appendicitis - Mx

A

admission
IV ABx
surgery - in some cases but not all - contact surgery team
surgical removal appendix - laproscopy gold standard

90
Q

coeliac disease Mx

A

lifelong gluten free diet

might need supplements e.g iron

91
Q

intususeption Mx

A

A to E & monitor for signs bowel perforamtion
enemas
contrast, water & air pumped into colon to reduce the intususcpetion
if bowel becomes gangrenous / performated - surgical resection required

92
Q

mesenteric adenitis = inflammation mesenteric lymph nodes.

A

rule out appendicitis

reassurance - give analegia if needed

93
Q

inguinal hernia Mx

A

most can be sucessful reduced by ‘taxis’ = gentle compression in the line of inguinal canal
surgery then planned for sutible time when any odema settled
if reduction is impossible - emergency surgery
surgery = ligation & division processus vaginalis

94
Q

testicular tortion Mx - 6 hr window before becomes iscahemic becomes irreversible

A

strong analgesia & nil by mouth
surgery - fix testicles in place : orchiplexy
possible orchiectomy if necrotic testicle

95
Q

undescended testis (crytochidism) Mx

A

watch & wait in newborns (if not descened by 6 months refer to paediatric urologist)
surgical correction of undescended testis between 6months - 1 year

96
Q

biliary atresia (section of bile duct is narrowed or absent) - Mx

A

surgery

97
Q

hirschsprungs disease (congenital condition where nerve calls of mesenteric plexus absent in distal bowel + rectum). Hirsprungs associated enterocloitis (inflammation + obstruction intestine occuring in 20% neonates with hirsprungs) Mx

A

life threatening due to risk toxic megacolon & bowel perforation
urgent ABx
fluid resus
decompression obstructed bowel
rectal biopsy to demonstrate hirschsprungs diagnosis
definitive Mx - surgical removal aganglionic section of bowel

98
Q

failure to thrive Mx

A

MDT inpit - regular r/v to monitor wt gain
CAMHS if ?neglect
urinalysis to exclude UTI
bloods - metabolic condition, elminate infection
coeliac screen
sweat test if ?CF
USS if ?pyloric stenosis

99
Q

DKA Mx

A

admission

fluids0.9% NaCl with 20mmol K in 500ml bag

insulin IV - delyaed after beguinning IV fluid therapy - this has been shown to reduce chance of cerebral oedema

100
Q

chronic MX DM kids

A 
eduaction pathophysiology
injection of insulin - tecnique and sites (lipodystrophy)
finger pick testing
diet
encourage to excercise 
adjust insulin during illness
recognise hypoglycaemia
diabetes UK
101
Q

hypogkycaemia Mx

A

early stage - lucozade / sugary drink
if child uncooperative - oral glucose gels
late stage - glucagon IM followed by biscuit / sandwhich

102
Q

obesity Mx

A

siet, excercise, behavioural therapy

orlistat

103
Q

hypothyroidism Mx

A

levothyroxine

104
Q

PKU Mx

A

diet low in phenylalanine and high in tyrosine

105
Q

febrile fit Mx (Mx usually involves explanation of relatively beign nature of febrile convulsions & if occurs at home put child into recovery position). what happens if seizure more than 5 mins

A

call ambulance

lorazepam IV or biccal midazolam

106
Q

head injury Mx when would you do a head CT

A 
post traumatic seizure (but no epilepsy Hx)
lowered GCS
sign of basal skull fract
neurological deficit
non-accidental injury
LOC lasting mire than 5 mins
amnesia lasting more than 5 mins
drowsiness
3+ episodes of vomiting
dangerous mechanism of injury
107
Q

Mx epilepsy (following EEG) - focal seizures

A

carbamezepine or lamotrigine

108
Q

Mx epilepsy - general tonic clonic

A

sodium valproate

lamotrigene if child bearing age

109
Q

Mx absence seizures

A

sodium val

110
Q

Mx myoclonic seizures

A

sodium val

111
Q

Mx tonic or atonic seizures

A

sodium val

112
Q

infantile spasms Mx

A

steroid or vigabatrin

113
Q

lifetsyle Mx for epilieptic patients

A 
fit free for 12 months before can drive again
warfain is CI with antiepileptics 
folic acids in preg
take contracepetion 
risk of osteoporosis with antiepileptics
114
Q

what diet can be considered for children with epilepsy

A

ketogenic diet

115
Q

breath holding attack Mx

A

exclude other pathology - exclude neurological definict

eduaction & reassurance

also breath holding attacks have been linked to iron def anaemia

116
Q

acute Mx during a seizure

A 
A to E
100% O2 via non-rebreathe mask 
IV acess for bloods
check blood sugar 
Iv lirazepam
anaethetic help
117
Q

hydrocephalus Mx - 1st line in acute setting

A

external ventricular drain

118
Q

long term Mx of hydrocepahlus

A

ventricular shunt system

119
Q

migraine Mx

A 
avoid known triggers
medication overuse headache 
simple analgesia - paracetamol, ibuprofen (don't give aspirin - risk of reyes syndrome)
nasal triptin 
antiemetic e.g prochlorperazine
120
Q

1st line prevention migraines in children

A

propanolol

pizotifen

121
Q

plagiocephaly (flattening of one side of babies head) - Mx

A

reassurance - majority of cases head returns to normal as child grows
poistion on round side of head
supervised tunny lying time

122
Q

craniosynotosis (premature fusion of skull bones) Mx

A

mild cases - monitored & FU

severe cases - surgery & surgical reconstruction skull

123
Q

Tics Mx

A

education - emphasize that anxiety, stress, tiredness & stimulants can worsen tics
reassurance
if significant impact on life - CAMS referral - might have Sx suggestive of OCD / ASD / ADHD
treat secondary causes
if Tx requires; habit reversal training / CBT / rispiridone / haloperidol

124
Q

enuresis & wetting Mx

A

lifestyle changes - reduced fluid intake in evenings & lifting is avoided as it trains the child to void whilst half asleep
positive reinforcement e.g star charts
treat underlying cause e.g UTI / DM / constipation
safeguarding if needed

125
Q

interventions for enuresis / wetting usually recommended after age 7

A

enuresis alarms
desmopressin
oxybutanin

126
Q

UTI Mx - all children under 3 months with a fever should start what?

A

immediate IV ABx - ceftriaxone

and full septic screen

127
Q

for lower UTI in kids Mx

A

trimethoprim
or
nitrofurantoin

128
Q

for pyleonephritis in kids Mx

A

cefalexin
or
amoxicillin

129
Q

nephrotic syndrome (triad of proteinuria/oedema/hypoalbuminaemia). Mx =

A

almost always due to minimal change disease - Mx =
prednisolone]law salt diet & fluid restriction
furosemide to treat odema (not usually recmmoneded)
daily weights - avoid intravascular volumne depletion & secondary AKI
prophylactic ABx - increased risk infection due to immunoglobulins loss in urine

130
Q

haematuria Mx

A

treat cause e.g UTI, glomerulonephritis, HSP
renal stone - USS
look out for red flags - abnormal renal function / proteinuria / fluid overload e.g odema, ascites, elevated JVP / HTN / frant haematuria

131
Q

haemolytic uraemic syndrome Mx (triad of AKI, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia)

A

Medical emergency - self limiting & needs supportive Mx - fluids, blood transfusions, antihypertensives, dialysis
ACEi are good to give too

132
Q

eczema Mx

A

avoid extremes in temp / humidity / irritating clothes (wool)
nails short
avoid soaps / detergent
emollients - after washing & in direction of hair growth
corticosteroids - mild to potent (hydrocoristone / bentrovate / derovate = v potent)
itchiness - antihistamines
secondary bacterial infections - flucloxacillin

133
Q

impetigo Mx - general advice

A

avoid touching

off school for at least 48 hrs

134
Q

impetigo Mx - non-bullous

A

localised & non systemic = hydrogen peroxide cream

widespread & non systemic = topical Abx (fusidic acid) or oral ABx (flucloxacillin)

135
Q

impetigo Mx - bullous impetigo or systemically unwell

A

oral fkucloxicillin

136
Q

nappy rash Mx

A 
highly absorbant nappies
gentle products for cleaning the nappy area
ensure nappy area is dry
maximise time not wearing a nappy 
barrier protection for the skin
if inflammed - topical hydrocortisone
137
Q

thrush - candida in the nappy area

A

barrier protection

clotrimazole cream

138
Q

stevens-johnstons syndrome (disproportionate immune responce that causes epidermal necrosis) Mx

A 
hospital admission 
fluids 
stop the causative drug agent
dressing analgesia
opthalomolgy 
(systemic ABx if signs infection)
cleanse wounds with chorhexidine solution & greasy emollient
139
Q

erythema nodosum (can be caused by infections / IBD/ sarcoidosis) Mx

A

investigate for underlying condition
rest & analegsia
most spontaneously resolve within 8 wks

140
Q

scabies Mx - remember to check finger webs & track marks.

A

permethrin cream all over body

treat everyone else in the house too

141
Q

septic arthritis mx

A 
admission
aspirate 
start empirical ABx - flucloxacillin IV
analgesics
orthopaedic input
142
Q

reactive arthritis Mx

A

exclude septic arthritis (aspiration & culture)
splint joint
NSAIDs and/ or steroids
usually resolves within 6 months

143
Q

developmental dysplasia of the hip Mx

A

pavlik harness

after 6 months - surgery

144
Q

irritable hip (transient synovitis) Mx

A

vital signs & rule out septic arthritis

self limiting - needs rest and simple analgesia

145
Q

juvenile idiopathic arthritis Mx

A

initiate paediatric rheumatology referral
symptom control - nsaids, splinting
inducing remission - steroids / physio
maintainence - methotrexate / sulfasazine / influximab

146
Q

perthe’s disease - idiopathic avascular necrosis to femoral head - Mx

A

keep femoral head in acetabulum - cast , braces

147
Q

slipped femoral epiphysis (when the head of the femur is displaced cuases femoral head to move posterioinferiorly) Mx

A

surgical - internal fixation

148
Q

malnutrition Mx

A

nutritional support

be careful of refeeding sybdrome - give pabrinex to prevent this & phosphate

149
Q

osetomalacia Mx

A

supplementary vit D - colecalciferol

150
Q

rickets Mx

A

vit D & calcium supplementation

151
Q

cerebral palsy Mx - MDT

A

physio - strengthen muscles
occupational therapy - manage everyday activities
speech & language therapy - help with speech & swallowing
dieticians
orthopaedic surgeons - relsease contractures
muscle relaxants e.g baclofen for muscle spacitity
XS drooling - glycopyrronium bromide

152
Q

Downs syndrome Mx - MDT

A

cardiology (ASD, VSD, patent ductus arteriosus)
physiotherapy
dietician
ENT (recurrent OM) & deafness
opthalmology (myopia, cataracts, squint)
speech & langauge (learning difficulty)
leukaemia more common children with downs
dementia more common in adults with downs

153
Q

autism Mx

A 
behavioural Mx - visual timetables, preparation & explanation for changes in routine 
educational measures 
CAMHS
speech and language
social workers
154
Q

squint (misalignment of visual axis due either to imbalance in extraocular muscles or paralysis extraocular msucles) Mx

A

opthalmology - eye patch, atropine drops, corrective glasses, surgery

155
Q

deafness Mx - MDT

A 
speech and language therapy 
education psychology
ENT specialist 
hearing aids
sign language
156
Q

temper tantrum

A 
avoid triggers - hunger / tiredness
distraction
stay calm
reward good behaviour 
use time out
157
Q

anxiety disorders

A 
understanding
guided imagery
mindfulness
avoid alcholol / caffine / drugs
rescue brething
excercise 
CBT
SSRIs e.g sertraline
158
Q

ADHD Mx

A

parents - eduacation & training

drug therapy - last resort & over age 5 - 1st line = methypenidate

159
Q

delibberate self harm Mx

A

urgent psychiatric assess
CAMHS input
CBT

Year 4 (5 decks)

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