Paeditrics

Question 1

ETT size

Answer 1

Neonate 3.5
Infant under 1 3.5-4
Over 1 uncuffed (age/4)+4
Over 1 cuffed (age/4)+3

Length at lip ETT size x 3
ICC size ETT size x 4

Question 2

Weight estimation per age

Answer 2

1-12 months 0.5 x age( in months) + 4
1-6 years 2 x age + 8
6-12 years 3 x age + 7

Question 3

Quick ml/hr paediatric maintenance formula

Answer 3

10 kg and less 4ml/kg/hr

11-20 kg 40 ml/hr + 2 ml/kg/hr for kgs above 10

> 20 kg 60 ml/hr + 1 ml/kg/hr for kgs above 20

Question 4

Differential diagnosis for sick neonate

Answer 4

1-infection (most common)
a-bacterial
i-sepsis
ii-meningitis
iii-pneumonia 
iv-UTI most common 
v-skin, joint or bone

b-viral
i-RSV, bronchiolitis 
ii-HSV
iii-influenza 
iv-enteroviruses 

2-trauma/NAI

3-cardiac
a-congenital heart disease
b-SVT

4-respiratory
a-meconium aspiration
b-RDS
c-pneumothorax

5-surgical/abdomen 
a-malrotation and volvulus 
b-NEC
c-hirchsprung disease 
d-incarcerated inguinal hernia 
e-pyloric stenosis( age >= 3 weeks)
f-intususception (age >= 2 months)

6-metabolic/endocrine
a-hypoglycemia
b-inborn errors of metabolism
c-congenital adrenal hyperplasia

7-acute bilirubin encephalopathy

8-diluted or over-concentrated formula ( leading to hypo or hypernatremia)

9-BRUE