Paediatrics Formative Flashcards
Regarding herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes virus 6 (HV-6), which of the following is correct?
E. These viruses are frequent causes of febrile convulsions in children
A. A trial of omeprasole (proton pump inhibitor) is indicated for ‘colic’
B. An ultrasound to exclude pyloric stenosis is indicated
C. Explain some settling techniques and suggest less frequent feeding
D. Reassure the mother that nothing is wrong
E. The baby’s weight gain is above average for this age group and no changes are required
C. Explain some settling techniques and suggest less frequent feeding
Which statement is correct regarding constipation (less than three bowel actions per week)?
C. Lactulose 5ml daily can be used for a four month old baby
Concerning babies and young children, which statement is correct?
E. Umbilical hernias very rarely strangulate
A. He should avoid school until the rash clears
B. He should be treated with an antihistamine and reviewed as needed
C. He should be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for itch
D. In the majority of cases, a drug reaction is implicated as the cause of the problem
E. The rash must be treated with oral steroids
B. He should be treated with an antihistamine and reviewed as needed
A. A full blood picture and CRP are indicated
B. An EEG as an outpatient with follow up
C. Blood sugar measurement is imperative
D. Chest X-ray should be done to exclude pneumonia
E. No blood tests are needed
E. No blood tests are needed
A four month old baby girl is admitted with a wheeze and moderate respiratory distress. She has been unwell for three days and clinical examination confirms brochiolitis. Post-nasal aspiration is positive for respiratory synctial virus. Which statement is most correct in this situation?
A. Bronchiolitis with air trapping is usually associated with inappropriate ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) secretion
A. Early bacterial pneumonia
B. Infantile croup
C. Passive smoking effects
D. RSV positive bronchiolitis
E. Whooping cough
E. Whooping cough
A three month old thriving baby girl has recently been weaned off breast milk to formulae feeds since her mother has returned to work. The changes have resulted in mild constipation which settled with the help of glycerine suppositories. The baby’s mother is worried that her baby may have colic or cow’s milk protein or lactose intolerance. Regarding cow’s milk protein intolerance in this baby girl, which statement is correct?
= D. Primary lactose deficiency would be rare
A. A chest xray is indicated for his management
B. Admission to hospital is warranted in view of his clinical status and age
C. Amoxicillin is indicated for his chest infection
D. He is mildly (3-5%) dehydrated because of the history of decreased urine output and fluid intake
E. The baby’s mother should be reassured, given relevant information and return if he get’s worse
E. The baby’s mother should be reassured, given relevant information and return if he get’s worse
A. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B. Idiopathic thrombocytopaenia
C. Leukemia
D. Meningococcal sepsis
E. Obstructed iliac arteries
A. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
A. Feeling of dizziness and tendency to fall if not helped
B. Gait disturbance consisten with ataxia
C. Glove and stocking decrease in sensation to the right hand
D. Headache with loss of dexterity of her right hand
E. Normal ECG
D. Headache with loss of dexterity of her right hand
A 15 month old girl presents following a febrile convulsion which required observation in hospital. Her mother is worried what to do if a future fever occurs. This baby girl is scheduled to have an extra digit on her right hand removed and her mother requests knowledge about analgesia after the operation. Which statement is correct?
C. Panadol administered six hourly (15mg/kg) for 48 hours post-operatively is recommended
What virus is not a cause of gastroenteritis in children?
D. Hepatitis B
A. Average school ability makes a syndrome likely
B. Both parents are obese
C. His height
D. Hypogonadism is likely to provide the answer to his obesity
E. Lack of weight loss on dieting suggests an endocrine cause
C. His height
Considering growth charts (length, weight, head circumference) from birth to six months of age, which statement is most correct?
C. Progressive measurements of head circumference are the most reliable parameter
A. Coeliac tests, full blood count, liver function tests, urea, creatinine and electrolytes, and urine MC&S are indicated
B. Constipation usually causes this type of picture
C. Inflammatory bowel disease regularly presents with this picture
D. She needs a psychological referral
E. This problem is experienced by 10 to 20% of children
E. This problem is experienced by 10 to 20% of children
Which statement is correct regarding immunisations in children?
A. A child who has confirmed rubella should have the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
A mother brings her 12 month old child to see the GP because he had a one-minute febrile convulsion yesterday, two days after an influenza vaccination. He has no significant past medical history, is fully immunised for his age and physical examination is normal. In this situation:
D. The GP has a statutory responsibility to notify the febrile convulsion as an adverse event following immunisation
Statutory disease notification systems are more likely to detect prevalent, as opposed to incident cases of:
A. HIV
B. Invasive meningococcal disease
C. Invasive pneumoococcal disease
D. Plague
E. Rabies
A. HIV
Overnight fluid replacement for a post-operative five year old. What is the most appropriate treatment?
F. IVI 5% dextrose and normal saline (4ml/kg/hr)
A. Blood sugar management
B. Careful and slow fluid replacement
C. IVI 2.5% dextrose and half normal saline for four hours (10ml/kg/hr)
D. IVI 2.5% dextrose, half normal saline and 10mmol/L potassium
E. IVI 5% dextrose and half normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
F. IVI 2.5% dextrose and normal saline (4ml/kg/hr)
G. IVI dextrose
H. IVI half normal saline
I. IVI Hartmann’s solution
J. IVI normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
K. Oral normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
L. Oral rehydration solution over four hours (40ml/kg)
M. Potassium solution
N. Rehydration
J. IVI normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
A. Blood sugar management
B. Careful and slow fluid replacement
C. IVI 2.5% dextrose and half normal saline for four hours (10ml/kg/hr)
D. IVI 2.5% dextrose, half normal saline and 10mmol/L potassium
E. IVI 5% dextrose and half normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
F. IVI 2.5% dextrose and normal saline (4ml/kg/hr)
G. IVI dextrose
H. IVI half normal saline
I. IVI Hartmann’s solution
J. IVI normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
K. Oral normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
L. Oral rehydration solution over four hours (40ml/kg)
M. Potassium solution
N. Rehydration
A. Blood sugar management
A. Blood sugar management
B. Careful and slow fluid replacement
C. IVI 2.5% dextrose and half normal saline for four hours (10ml/kg/hr)
D. IVI 2.5% dextrose, half normal saline and 10mmol/L potassium
E. IVI 5% dextrose and half normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
F. IVI 2.5% dextrose and normal saline (4ml/kg/hr)
G. IVI dextrose
H. IVI half normal saline
I. IVI Hartmann’s solution
J. IVI normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
K. Oral normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
L. Oral rehydration solution over four hours (40ml/kg)
M. Potassium solution
N. Rehydration
L. Oral rehydration solution over four hours (40ml/kg)
A. Blood sugar management
B. Careful and slow fluid replacement
C. IVI 2.5% dextrose and half normal saline for four hours (10ml/kg/hr)
D. IVI 2.5% dextrose, half normal saline and 10mmol/L potassium
E. IVI 5% dextrose and half normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
F. IVI 2.5% dextrose and normal saline (4ml/kg/hr)
G. IVI dextrose
H. IVI half normal saline
I. IVI Hartmann’s solution
J. IVI normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
K. Oral normal saline stat (20ml/kg)
L. Oral rehydration solution over four hours (40ml/kg)
M. Potassium solution
N. Rehydration
B. Careful and slow fluid replacement
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
C. Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
D. Chloramphenicol
E. Clindamycin
F. Co-trimoxazole
G. Flucloxacillin
H. Gentamicin
I. Macrolides
J. Metronidazole
K. Penicillin
L. Reassurance
M. Vancomycin
F. Co-trimoxazole
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Amoxicillin
C. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
D. Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
E. Chloramphenicol
F. Clindamycin
G. Co-trimoxazole
H. Flucloxacillin
I. Gentamicin
J. Macrolides
K. Metronidazole
L. Penicillin
M. Reassurance
N. Vancomycin
J. Macrolides
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Amoxicillin
C. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
D. Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
E. Chloramphenicol
F. Clindamycin
G. Co-trimoxazole
H. Flucloxacillin
I. Gentamicin
J. Macrolides
K. Metronidazole
L. Penicillin
M. Reassurance
N. Vancomycin
C. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Amoxicillin
C. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
D. Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
E. Chloramphenicol
F. Clindamycin
G. Co-trimoxazole
H. Flucloxacillin
I. Gentamicin
J. Macrolides
K. Metronidazole
L. Penicillin
M. Reassurance
N. Vancomycin
H. Flucloxacillin
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Amoxicillin
C. Augmentin (Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid)
D. Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
E. Chloramphenicol
F. Clindamycin
G. Co-trimoxazole
H. Flucloxacillin
I. Gentamicin
J. Macrolides
K. Metronidazole
L. Penicillin
M. Reassurance
N. Vancomycin
K. Metronidazole
Discuss the management of moderate/severe croup. Include assessment, monitoring of treatment, and criteria for admission. (5 marks)
What is the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis? (2 marks)
