Paediatrics

Question 1

eczema definition

Answer 1

chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition

Question 2

eczema examination

Answer 2

> 2 years
itchy rash: flexural +/- scaly rash / blisters
Fx: atopic asthma

Question 3

eczema management

Answer 3

A void triggers
B land moisturisers (emollients)
C orticosteroids
(LT steroids > skin thinning ie. avoid on face + v dose)

Question 4

functional constipation pathophysiology

Answer 4

uncomfortable defecation: social event / poor toiling habits > uncoordinated musc contraction

Question 5

functional constipation presentation

Answer 5

abdo pain
poor appetite 
post prandial fullness
squatting / arching back (uncomfortable positions)
faecal soiling

Question 6

functional constipation management

Answer 6

disimpact
diet education
f/u for next 2 years

Question 7

congenital bowel obstruction presentation

Answer 7

x meconium (48 hrs)
x therapeutic effect of laxatives / stool softeners
vom: green bile
slow to feed
slow development

Question 8

physical bowel obstruction presentation

Answer 8

eg. cancer / strictures
previous ability to pass stool
abdo pain etc.

Question 9

viral wheeze definition

Answer 9

spectrum of LRTIs
- viral LRTI
- recurrent viral induced wheeze
- bronchiolitis 
= common in first 2 years of life (will grow out within 6 years)

Question 10

osgood schlatters definition

Answer 10

overuse syndrome - athletic adolescents during growth spurt

> traction apophysitis of trivial tubercle

Question 11

osgood schlagers presentation

Answer 11

pain
swelling
tenderness of tibial tubercule

Question 12

osgood schlagter management

Answer 12

conservative (non-surgical) + activity mods
PRICE
PT

Question 13

perthe’s disease presentation

Answer 13

pain: hip, groin, thigh, knee (ref)
limited hip rotation
systemically well

Question 14

perthe’s disease pathophysiology

Answer 14

AVN to femoral epiphysis

Question 15

perthe’s disease management

Answer 15

conservative + salvage supply

Question 16

slipped upper femoral epiphysis presentation

Answer 16

BL hip pain
RF = obesity, endocrine disorder
> abnormal Klein line

Question 17

SUFE management

Answer 17

surgical (screws)

Question 18

toddler diarrhoea presentation

Answer 18

chronic non-specific
> 2 movements per day
+/- mild abdo pain
+ poor diet

Question 19

toddler diarrhoea management

Answer 19

self-limiting BUT
educate parents re diet
nb. DD = infection, intolerance, IBD, coeliac disease

Question 20

threadworms presentation

Answer 20

school age children
asymptomatic 
perianal pruritus 
erythema 
'wiggly' white lines on poo

Question 21

threadworms pathogen

Answer 21

enterobius veermicularis

aka pinworm

Question 22

threadworms management

Answer 22

mebendazole (1 now, 1 two weeks later)

hygiene adv

Question 23

gord presentation

Answer 23

freq regurg of feeds
XS crying
hoarseness
chronic cough
unusual resting positions

Question 24

gord management

Answer 24

typically grow out of it (immature hiatus hernia)
adv on feeding technique / position / freq
rule out trigger foods
gaviscon + thickened foods + PPI