Paediatrics

Question 1

Chronic conditions with childhood onset

Answer 1

Asthma (COPD)
Autism
Cerebral palsy
Cystic fibrosis
Gastroschisis
Hirschsprungs disease
Spina bifida

Question 2

Reasons for reduced mortality

Answer 2

Obstetric care
Better housing
Better nutrition
Immunisations
Antibiotics
NHS

Question 3

What are the phases of childhood?

Answer 3

Neonate (<4w)
Infant (<12m/1y)
Toddler (~1-2y)
Pre-school (~2-5y)
School age
Teenager/ Adolescent

Question 4

What are the milestones of childhood?

Answer 4

Achievement of key development skills

Social smile, sitting, walking, first words

Question 5

Red flags in development

Answer 5

Loss of developmental skills
Parental/ professional concern re. vision
Hearing loss
Persistent low muscle tone/floppiness
No speech by 18 months, esp if no other communication
Asymmetry of movements/increased muscle tone
Not walking by 18m/persistent toe walking

Question 6

How can gross motor development be assessed?

Answer 6

How do they move their body around?

Question 7

How can gross fine motor development be assessed?

Answer 7

What do they do with their hands?

Question 8

How can speech and language development be assessed?

Answer 8

How do they communicate?

Question 9

How can social and self help development be assessed?

Answer 9

What can they do for themselves?

Question 10

What is involved in the child health programm?

Answer 10

New-born exam and blood spot screening
New-born hearing screening (by Day 28)
Health Visitor First Visit
6-8w Review (Max 12w)
27-30 month Review (Max 32m)
Orthoptist vision screening (4-5y)

Question 11

What is tested for in blood spot screening?

Answer 11

Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Congenital Hypothyroidism (CHT)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD)
Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD)
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1 )
Homocystinuria (HCU)

Question 12

Physical measurements for growth monitoring

Answer 12

Weight
Length or height
Head circumference

Question 13

SIRS

Answer 13

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Fever or hyperthermia
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea
Leucocytosis or leucocytopaenia

Question 14

Pneumococcal meningitis complications

Answer 14

Brain damage
Hearing loss
Hydrocephalus

Question 15

Impetigo causative organisms

Answer 15

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus