Paediatric Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
Side effects of antibiotics
Diarrhoea Oral thrush Nappy rash Allergic reaction Multi resistance
URTIs
Rhinitis
Otitis media
Tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Croup/epiglottitis
Which conditions is rhinitis a prodrome to?
Pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia
What does the eardrum look like with otitis media?
Ertythema Bulging drum (can result in spontaneous rupture)
What is the primary cause of otitis media?
Viral infection
What is the secondary cause of otitis media?
Pneumococcus
Haemophilus influenza
What is the treatment of otitis media?
Analgesia
Antibiotics not effective
LTB
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
Is croup common or rare?
Common
Are children with croup generally well or unwell?
Well
Presentation of croup
Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
“Barking” cough
Treatment of croup
Oral dexamethasone
Is Epiglottitis common or rare?
Rare
What is the causative organism of epiglottitis?
H. influenzae type B
Are children with epiglottitis generally well or unwell?
Unwell - medical emergency
Epiglottitis treatment
Intubation and antibiotics
Epiglottitis presentation
Drooling
Stridor
Temperature
Drooling, stridor and temperature
Emergency
Do antibiotics generally help in URTIs?
No
Common bacterial agents in LRTIs
Strep pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae
Common viral agents in LRTIs
RSV Parainfluenza III Influenza A and B Adenovirus Rhinovirus
LRTIs
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Respiratory syncytial virus (leads to bronchiolitis?)
Pertussis
Main treatment of LRTI
Oxygenation
Hydration
Nutrition
Bronchitis presentation
Loose, rattly cough
Chest free of wheeze/creps
Mostly self limiting
Mechanism of bacterial bronchitis
Disturbed mucociliary clearance - bacterial growth secondary so antibiotics wont help
Red flags in LRTI
Age <6 mo, >4yr No relapse-remission Static weight Disrupts child’s life Associated SOB Acute admission Other co-morbidities
What is the main pathogen in bronchiolitis?
RSV
Presentation of bronchiolitis
Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze
Community acquired pneumonia management
Oral amoxycillin
Oral macrolide
Only IV if vomiting
LRTI/pneumonia treatment
Oral amoxycillin
Differential diagnosis for asthma onset under 5 years
Congenital CF PCD Bronchitis Foreign body
PCD
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Differential diagnosis for asthma onset over 5 years
Dysfunctional breathing
Vocal cord dysfunction
Habitual cough
Pertussis
1st line treatment of asthma
Low dose ICS
