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medicine > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

When does cows milk protein allergy usually

Present

A

First 3 months

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2
Q

What kind of reactions are seen in cows milk protein allergy

A

Both immediate (ige mediated) abe delayed (non ige)

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3
Q

Features of cows milk allergy

6

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Urticaria / atopy 
Colic
Wheeze
Rarely
Angioedema
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4
Q

If formula fed, management of cow milk allergy

3

A

-Extensive hydrolysed formula replacement

Amino acid based formula in severe allergies

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5
Q

If breast fed, management of cows milk allergy

3

A

Continue breast feeding
Eliminate cows milk protein
Use EHF milk when breastfeeding stops until 12 months

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6
Q

When does cows milk allergy resolve

A

1-2 years

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7
Q

Fragile x- big or small head

A

Big

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8
Q

Definition of microcephaly

A

<2nd centile

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9
Q

What is craniosynostosis

A

Premature closing of cranial sutures, causing deformity of the skull

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10
Q

Barlows test

A

Dislocates hip

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11
Q

Ortolanis?

A

Relocate a dislocated femoral head

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12
Q

Risk factors for DDH

6

A 
Female 
Breech
Family history
First born child 
Oligohydraminos 
Heavy baby
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13
Q

What is used to diagnose DDH

A

US

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14
Q

How to manage DDH

A

Most relocate by 3-6 weeks of age

Older children may need surgery

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15
Q

Dances sign in instussuseption

A

Right hypochonrial mass

Empty RIF

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16
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis findings

A

Bloating
Bloody stool
Failure to thrive

Becoming peritonitis

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17
Q

When is neonatal jaundice pathological

A

In the first 24 hours

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18
Q

Causes of jaundice < 24 hours

A

Rhesus haemolytic disease
Abo haemolytic disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
G6d

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19
Q

When is pertussis offered to prenant women

A

20-32 weeks

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20
Q

Epstein’s pearl?

A

Small cyst that self resolved on hard palate of a newborn

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21
Q

Incubation of chicken pox

A

10-21 days

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22
Q

Infectivity time of chicken pox

A

4 days before rash until 5 days after

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23
Q

Common complication of chicken pox

A

Bacterial infection of lesions

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24
Q

Rare complications of chicken pox

A

Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Disseminated haemorrhaging chickenpox
Arthritis

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25
Q

Vaccines at birth

A

BCG/ hep B if risk factors

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26
Q

2 month vaccines

A

6 in 1 (diphtheria, tettanus, whooping cough, polio hib hep b)
Oral rotavirus
PCV
Men B

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27
Q

3 months vaccine

A

6 in one

Oral rotavirus

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28
Q

4 month vaccines

A

6 in 1
PCV
MEN b

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29
Q

12-13 months

A

Hib
MEN c
PCV
MEN B

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30
Q

2-8 years

A

Annual nasal flu vaccine

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31
Q

3-4 years vaccine

A

4 in 1 pre school booster
(Dip tet pertussis polio)
MMR

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32
Q

12-13 years vaccine

A

HPV

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33
Q

Non ige mediated allergy?

A

Not as serious

No anaphylaxis

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34
Q

Rash start behinds ears in which disease

A

Measles

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35
Q

Features of kawasakis

A 
Fever > 5 days 
Conjunctivitis 
Strawberry tongue 
Cervical LN
Blistering hands
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36
Q

Rubella features

A

Fever
LN
Rash begins on face and move downwards

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37
Q

Koplik spots in what disease

A

Measles

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38
Q

Management of kawasaki

A

High dose aspirin
IV immunoglobulins
ECHO

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39
Q

Complication of kawasakis

A

Coronary artery aneurysm

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40
Q

What should be trialed in babies with gord

A

Ppi or H2ra

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41
Q

Cause of rash after fever

A

Roseola infatum

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42
Q

Incubation of roseola jnfatum

A

5-15 days

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43
Q

When a should with just a fever be sent to paeds

A

< 3 months > 38.5

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44
Q

Contraindications to MMR

A 
Immunosuppressive 
Live vaccine within last 4 weeks 
Allergy to neomycin 
Immunoglobulin therapy
Egg protein allergy
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45
Q

Features of Wilm tumour

A

Abdo mass
Painless haematuria
Flank pain
Mets to lung in 20%

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46
Q

Commonest headaches in children

A

Migraines

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47
Q

3 months motor

A

Reaches for object

Fixes and follows

48
Q

6 months motor

A

Palmar grasp
Pass objects from one hand to another
Visually insatiable

49
Q

9 months motor

A

Points with finger

Early pincer

50
Q

12 months motor

A

Good pincer grip

51
Q

What is acrocyanosis

A

Peripheral cyanosis in the newborn

52
Q

Petechiae are really what

A

Bleeding under the skin

53
Q

Commonest malignancy in children

A

ALL

54
Q

3 broad features of ALL

A

Neutropenia
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

55
Q

Treatment of mild croup

A

Oral dex

56
Q

Mild croup features

A

Occasional barking cough
No chest recessions
Looks well

57
Q

Virus of croup

A

Parainfluenza

58
Q

Cystic fibrosis genetics

A

Autosomal recessive

59
Q

What to do before CPR in a child

A

5 rescue breaths

60
Q

Patau chromosome?

A

13

61
Q

5 symptoms of hand foot and mouth excluding rash

A 
Fever
Abdo pain
Anorexia
Cough
Sore throat
62
Q

Fever with transient synovitis?

A

Often mild

63
Q

Benign Rolandic seizures characterised by…

A

Partial seizures at night

64
Q

Prognosis of benign rolandic seizures

A

Good, stop by adolescence

65
Q

Treatment of seb derm in babies

A

Baby shampoo and baby oil

66
Q

Is positional head molding normal innewborns? (Bones overlapping in skull)

A

Yes

67
Q

Treatment of labial adhesions

A

Oestrogen cream

68
Q

Sumatriptan nasal spray only in what age?

A

> 12 years

69
Q

Caput succadenum?

A

Trauma causing head swelling

Transient, crosses suture lines

70
Q

7-8 months gross motor

A

Sits without support

71
Q

9 months gross motor

A

Pulls to standing

Crawls

72
Q

12 months gross motor

A

Cruises

Walks with one hand held

73
Q

13-15 month gross motor

A

Walks unsupported

74
Q

2 years gross motor

A

Runs

75
Q

Causes of prolonged raised bilirubin > 14 days old

A 
Biliary atresia 
Hypothyroidism 
Galactosemia
UTI
Congential infections
76
Q

4 features of tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD
right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta

77
Q

4 symptoms of tetralogy of fallot

A

Cyanosis
Right to left shunt
ESM
Boot shaped heart

78
Q

Down’s syndrome risk calculation

A

1/1000 at 30

Download by 3 for every 5 years

79
Q

Which comes first perthes or sufe

A

Perthes

80
Q

What is ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Neisseria gonorrhoea

81
Q

Xray findings in transient tachypnoae of the newborn

A

Hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure

82
Q

Treatment of whooping cough

A

Oral azithromycin

83
Q

When to exclude whooping cough from school

A

2 days post Abx

84
Q

What vitamins should children be given

A

Vit a c d from 6 months to 5 years

85
Q

When should pre terms get vaccinated

A

Chronological age

86
Q

Who’s affected in x linked

A

Males

87
Q

First sign of puberty in girls

A

Breast development

88
Q

Usually age of mencarche

A

11-15

89
Q

Is asymmetrical breast growth in women normal?

A

Yes

90
Q

Features of retinoblastoma

A

Loss of red reflex
Strabismus
Visual problems

91
Q

When to be off school post mumps

A

5 days post onset of swelling of glands

92
Q

Commonest cause of hypothyroidism In children

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis

93
Q

Risks of undescended testes?

A

Infertility
Cancer
Torsion

94
Q

Causes of htn in children

A

Renal disease
Coarctation aorta
CAH

95
Q

Circumcise hypospadias pre op?

A

No

Corrective surgery by 2

96
Q

Breastfed babies at risk of what vit deficiency

A

K

97
Q

Newborn downs have what tone

A

Hypotonia

98
Q

Symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans

A

Joint pain
Locking
Swelling

99
Q

Nephrotic presents at

A

Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema

100
Q

Commonest cause of GN in children

A

Minimal change nephropathy

101
Q

What closes PDA in majority of cases

A

Indomethacin

102
Q

What can be used to keep a PDA open

A

Prostaglandins

103
Q

When to refer bow legs

A

> 6cm intercondylar distance

104
Q

First line constipation children

A

Movicol

105
Q

Virus in croup?

A

Parainfluenze

106
Q

Measles prodrome

A

Irritability
Conjuctivitis
Fever
Koplik spots

107
Q

When to refer for undescended testis

A

Wait 6 months then rv

108
Q

Pain on walking up and down stairs

A

Chondromalacia patallae

109
Q

When to give Ben pen 1.2g

A

> 10 years

110
Q

Most common meningitis bug up to 3 months

A

GBS

111
Q

What to add in haemophillus meningitis

A

Dexamethosone and IV cefotaxime

112
Q

When does night time enuresis become pathological?

A

> 5

113
Q

Cause of sticky eye in < 1 year

A

Lacrimal duct obstruction

Resolved by 1

114
Q

Which testicular tumour has raised AFP

A

Teratoma

115
Q

Murmur in PDA

A

Continuous murmur that radiates to the back

116
Q

4 features of tetralogy of fallot

A

Overriding aorta (boot shaped)
VSD
RVH
Right ventricular outflow obstruction

117
Q

VSD causes what on echo growing up

A

Biventricular hypertrophy

Systolic murmur

medicine (14 decks)

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