Ophthalmology Flashcards
Features of mild NPDR
1 or more microaneurysms
Features of moderate NPDR
Microaneurysms
Blot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton wool spots
Severe NPDR
Blot haemorrhages and microanaeurysms in 4 quadrants
IRMA in at least 1 quadrant
Signs of proliferative retinopathy
Retinal neovascularisation
Fibrous tissue forming anterior to retinal disc
More common in T1DM
What to treat conjunctivitis in pregnancy
Fusidic acid
How to treat meibomian cyst
Resolve spontaneously or require surgical drainage
Definite treatment of acute angle glaucoma
Laser peripheral iridotomy
Flashers and floaters are a sign of?
Vitreous detachment
What can be seen in eyes in central retinal vein occlusion?
Severe retinal haemorrhages
Causes of crvo
Glaucoma
Polycythaemia
HTN
What can be seen in eye in CRAO
Afferent pupillary defect
Cherry red spot on pale retina
Features of anterior uveitis
Acute onset Ocular discomfort and pain Irregular and small pupil Photophobia Blurred vision RED eye
Treatment of anterior uveitis
Refer to ophthalmology
Steroid drops
Features of retinitis pigmentosa
Night blindness
Tunnel vision
What is hordeolum externum
Infection of the glands of sebum/ sweat
Staph
What is hutchingsons sign in herpes opthalmicus
Involvement of the tip of the nose predicts future ocular involvement
How to treat herpes opthalmicus
Oral antivirals 7-10 days
Ptosis and mydriasis (dilated pupil) ?
3rd nerve palsy
What’s seen in dry amd
Drusen (yellow spots) in drusens membrane
Wet amd features
Choroidal neovascularisation
Leakage of serious fluid and blood
Risk factors for amd
Age
Smoking
Family history
Ihd
Argyll Robertson pupil?
Accommodates but does construct to light
Most common in diabetics
Mydriatic drops can precipitate…
Acute angle glaucoma
Corneal epithelial ulcers may be seen in?
Herpes keratitis
Persistent watery eye in children is?
Lacrimal duct obstruction- manage conservatively will improve by 1 year
Blurring of vision post previous cataract is?
Posterior capsule opacification
What is lost in cataracts?
Red reflex
How to manage blepharitis
Reassure. Watch and wait
What will be seen on crvo fundo
Severe retinal haemorrhages
Normal eye pressures
10-21
What drops can distinguish between scleritis and episcleritis
Phenylepherine drops
Is chalazion painful
No
Is episcleritis painful
No- red eye, watering , photo phobias
1st line for blepharitis
Hot compress
Commonest cause of Argyll Robertson pupil
2
Diabetes
Neurosyphillis
Features of keratitis
Red eye
Watering
Photophobia
Cause of marcus Gunn pupil (relative afferent pupil defect)
Optic neuritis
Retinal detachment
Treatment for open angle glaucoma?
Prostaglandin receptor antagonists (lantanoprost) Beta blockers (timolol)
SE of latanoprost
Brown pigmentation if the iris
Diabetic maculopathy?
Hard exudates
Can affect visual acuity
Most common in T2DM
What pupil defect does optic neuritis cause
Marcus gunn
Relative afferwnt pupillary defect
Symptoms of optic neuritis
Gradual vision loss Loss of red desaturation Painful movements of eyes Relative afferent pupil defect Central scotoma
