Paediatrics

Question 1

5 causes of respiratory distress in the newborn

Answer 1

Infection Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (aka retained foetal lung fluid)

Hyaline membrane disease (aka respiratory distress syndrome)

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Pulmonarty air leaks (e.g. pneumothorax)

Question 2

Clinical features of respiratory distress in the newborn

Answer 2

Tachypnoea (>60) Respiratory grunt Recessions (sternal, intercostal) Central cyanosis Nasal flare

Question 3

Management principles of respiratory distress of newbown

Answer 3

NICU Vital signs (pre ductal O2) IV access Blood cultures Empirical antibiotics (penicillin + aminoglycoside) CXR Respiratory support (e.g. O2, CPAP, intubation) Call for help History and examination after resuscitation

Question 4

Neonate presents immediately after birth wth tachypnoea & subcostal recessions.

What are the x-ray findings?

Answer 4

Retained foetal lung fluid (transient tachypnoea of the newborn)

Coarse streaking with fluid in fissure

Question 5

29 wk newborn presents with respiratory distress that has worsenend over the last 24 hours

What are the CXR findings?

Answer 5

Respiratory distress syndrome

CXR shows hypoaeration, a diffuse granuloreticular pattern (ground-glass), air bronchograms (not severe enough for ‘white out’ appearance)

Question 6

39wk neonate presents with birth asphyxia and was covered in meconium at birth

Explain CXR findings

Answer 6

CXR shows meconium aspiration syndrome

Widespread coarse pulmonary infiltrate and atelectasis (atelectasis not in this CXR)

Question 7

2-4 months baby developmental milestones

Answer 7

2-4 months baby is a happy steady baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 8

5-8 months baby developmental milestones

Answer 8

5-8 months baby is a street corner baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 9

9-14 months baby developmental milestones

Answer 9

9-14 months baby is a needy zombie baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 10

12-16 months baby developmental milestones

Answer 10

12-16 months baby is the hold my beer baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 11

15-24 months baby developmental milestones

Answer 11

15-24 months baby is the nudist graffiti baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 12

21-36 month baby developmental milestones

Answer 12

21-36 month baby is the business presentation baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 13

3.4.5 year old baby developmental milestones

Answer 13

3-4.5 year old baby is Zen baby

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DGdfrnzM0y5JlOEmJz5rNmlGmn4IWGXdo0ojfokgrdE/edit

Question 14

Write in order the childhood developmental month intervals (that you are using)

Answer 14

(3,4,6,5,10,16,18)

2-4

5-8

9-14

12-16

15-24

21-36

3-4.5