Internal Medicine Flashcards
What are the modes of transmission of HIV?
- Sexual contact
- Infected blood or blood products
- Mother-to-child transmission
What are the three phases of HIV infection?
Acute phase
Chronic Phase
AIDS
Name 5 AIDS defining conditions
Kaposi's Sarcoma Pneumocystitis Jiroveci pneumonia Salmonella septicaemia CMV retinitis Burkitt's Lymphoma Mycobacterium avium complex Toxoplasmosis of the brain
Laboratory investigations for suspected HIV
HIV immunoassay Western Blot (for confirmation)
Monitoring blood tests for HIV
CD4 lymphocyte count
Viral load
Tests for opportunistic infections
When should post-exposure-prophylaxis be initiated?
Within the first 48 hours of exposure and 72 hours at the latest (ASAP)
At what intervals of time should post exposure HIV testing be done?
4-6 weeks
12 weeks
6 months
Name the four drug classes used in HAART
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
Which vaccines are contraindicated in HIV infection?
Live vaccines such as:
BCG Oral polio Typhoid MMR Yellow fever
Which gene is mutated in haemochromatosis?
HFE
Clinical features of haemochromatosis
Fatigue Lethargy Loss of libido Skin pigmentation Hepatomegaly Arthralgias
Iron studies in haemochromatosis will show what?
Raised serum ferritin (>200ug/l premenopausal women, >300ug/L others)
Raised transferrin saturation (>45%)
Haemochromatosis management
Avoid iron Avoid vitamin C (incr iron absorption) Avoid alcohol Hep A & B vaccination Phlebotomy (stages 2,3,4) Iron Chelation therapy (if phlebotomy contraindicated)
Haemochromatosis management
Cirrhosis Diabetes mellitus CHF Hepatocellular carcinoma Hypogonadism Bone loss
