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Year 3 > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

At 3-4 months of age, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • Prone position: lifts head and shoulders with weight in forearms.
  • Pull to sit: no head lag

Fine motor

  • Grasping and reaching: Holds a rattle and shakes purposefully.

Speech:

  • Expressive: vocalises (ooh, aah)
  • Receptive: responds to voices, startles

Social:

  • laughing out loud
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2
Q

At 5 months, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor: -

Fine motor:

  • Grasping and reaching: Reaches for object.
  • Manipulation: Whole hand grasp

Speech: -

Socail: -

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3
Q

At 6-8 months, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • Prone: arms exten ded supporting chest off couch
  • sitting: curved back needs support from adult
  • Standing/walking: stands with support

Fine motor:

  • Grasping and reaching: Transfers objects from hand to hand (6 months)
  • Finger feeds (7 months)

Speech/language:

  • Expressive: double babble (dada, mama, baba) (8 months)
  • receptibe responds to name

Social:

  • stranger anxiety (7 months)
  • rapid increase in development of primary attachment, with emergence of separation anxiety.
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4
Q

At birth, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • prone: flexed position
  • pull to sit: complete head lag
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5
Q

At 6 weeks, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • prone: pelvis flatter (frog position)
  • Pull to sit: head control developing
  • Sitting: curved back needs support from adult

Personal/social:

  • Social: smile
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6
Q

At 9-10 months, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • Sitting: gets into sitting position alone
  • Standing/walking: pulls to standing and stands holding on.

Fine motor:

  • manipulation: Immature pincer grasp (9m)
  • points to bead (10m)

Social:

  • ‘peek a boo’, waves bye bye. object constancy, intersubjectivity
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7
Q

At 12 months, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • standing/walking: stands with one hand held

Fine motor:

  • Building blocks: give bricks to examiner
  • manipulation: mature pincer grasp

Speech/language:

  • expressive: 1-3 words with meaning

Personal/social:

  • stranger anxiety
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8
Q

At 15 months, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Gross motor:

  • Standing/walking: walks independently and stoops to pick up objects.

Fine motor:

  • Building bricks: buidling tower of two cubes

Personal/social:

  • Social: points
  • Personal: drinks from cup
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9
Q

At 18 months - 2 years, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Fine motor:

  • Building blocks: builds tower of three to four cubes
  • Pencil skills: scribbles with a pencil

Speech:

  • 10 words (18m)
  • links 2 words (2y)

Personal:

  • Spoon feeds (18m)

Parallel play (2y)

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10
Q

At 3 years, what gross motor, fine motor, speech and social development should have occurred?

A

Fine motor:

  • Pencil skills: draws a circle

Speech:

  • Full sentences, talks incessantly

Personal/ Social:

  • Cooperative play
  • toilet trained by day
  • dresses
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11
Q

What vaccines are given at birth?

A
  • Hep B
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12
Q

What vaccines are given at 2 months?

A
  • Hep B, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, inactivated poliomyelitis (hepB-DTPa-Hib-IPV)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate
  • Rotavirus
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13
Q

What vaccines are given at 4 months?

A
  • Hep B, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, inactivated poliomyelitis (hepB-DTPa-Hib-IPV)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate
  • Rotavirus
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14
Q

What vaccines are given at 6 months?

A
  • Hep B, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, inactivated poliomyelitis (hepB-DTPa-Hib-IPV)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate
  • Rotavirus
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15
Q

What vaccines are given at 12 months?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzar type b and meningococcal C (Hib-MenC)
  • Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)
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16
Q

What vaccines are given at 18 months?

A
  • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTPa)
  • Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)
17
Q

What vaccines are given at 4 years?

A
  • Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis (DTPa-IPV)
  • Measles, mumps and rubella (only to be given if MMRV was not given at 18 months)
18
Q

What vaccines are given at 10-15 years?

A
  • Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
  • Varicella
  • HPV
19
Q

What are the red flags for child abuse on physical examination?

Brusing patterns.

A
  • Any bruising in infants younger than six months of age
  • More than one bruise in a pre-mobile infant and more than two bruises in a crawling child
  • Bruises located on the torso, ear, neck, or buttocks
  • Bruises with a pattern of the striking object (eg, slap, belt, or loop marks; spoons; spatulas; or other objects)
  • Human bite marks
20
Q

What are the red flags for child abuse on physical examination?

Oral injuries.

A
  • Lip lacerations or bruising, especially in nonambulatory infants
  • Lingual or labial frenulum tears, especially in nonambulatory infants
  • Tongue lacerations, especially in nonambulatory infants
  • Bruising or wounds of the buccal mucosa, gums, or palate, especially in nonambulatory infants
  • Missing or fractured teeth with an absent or implausible history
  • Maxillary or mandibular fractures with an absent or implausible history
  • Bruising, lichenification, or scarring at the corners of the mouth from being gagged
21
Q

What are the red flags for child abuse on physical examination?

Burns

A
  • Scalds in children <5 years of age that do not fit an unintentional spill pattern
  • Scalds from hot tap water due to immersion, demonstrating a sharp upper line of demarcation (“high tide mark”), affecting both sides of the body symmetrically, or involving the lower extremities and/or perineum
  • Burns that have a sharply demarcated edge in the shape of the burning object (eg, clothing iron, spatulas, spoons, grates, metal hairdryer grids, curling irons, or the metal tops of butane cigarette lighters)
  • Cigarette burns that appear as discreet circular burns 8 to 12 mm in diameter and are deep (eg, third degree burns)
22
Q

What are the red flags for child abuse on physical examination?

Fractures

A
  • Metaphyseal corner fractures
  • Rib fractures
  • Fractures of the sternum, scapula, or spinous processes
  • Long bone fracture in a nonambulatory infant
  • Multiple fractures in various stages of healing
  • Bilateral acute long-bone fractures
  • Vertebral body fractures and subluxations in the absence of a history of high force trauma
  • Digital fractures in children younger than 36 months of age
  • Epiphyseal separations
  • Severe skull fractures in children younger than 18 months of age
23
Q

What are the red flags for child abuse on physical examination?

Serious injury without explanation.

A
  • Subdural hematoma or retinal hemorrhage in a young child, without a significant public trauma such as a fall out a tall building window or a car crash
  • Other intracranial injury without a clear trauma history
  • Abdominal injury (perforation or hematoma of the bowel, pancreas, or bladder; solid organ [eg, liver, spleen, or kidney] hematoma or laceration)
24
Q

Describe the different types of clubbed feet?

A

Year 3 (11 decks)

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