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My Orthopaedic Collection > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Krajbich Principles

A

For amputation in children
1. Preserve length
2. Preserve important growth plates
3. Disarticulation rather than transosseous amputation whenever possible
4. Preserve knee joint whenever possible
5. Stabilise and normalise proximal portion of limb
6. Be prepared to deal with issues in addition to limb deficiency

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2
Q

Sandifer syndrome

A

Paroxysms of head and neck causing torticollis

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3
Q

Grisel’s syndrome

A

Acquired torticollis that involves subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2) due to infection

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4
Q

Duane syndrome

A

Disorder of ocular movement causing torticollis

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5
Q

Klippel-Feil syndrome

A

Fusion of 2 or more cervical vertebrae causing short neck and torticollis

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6
Q

Ferlel release

A

For torticollis, release SCM from mastoid

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7
Q

Cavendish classification

A

Sprengel shoulder – clinical classification
1. No visible deformity
2. Prominence of superomedial angle near neck, no shoulder asymmetry
3. Shoulder asymmetry of 2-5 cm, deformity easily visible
4. Asymmetric shoulder elevation >5 cm, with or without neck webbing

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8
Q

Rigault classification

A

Sprengel shoulder – radiological classification
1. Lower than T2 but above T4 transverse process
2. Between C5 and T2 transverse process
3. Above C5 transverse process

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9
Q

Green procedure

A

Surgery for Sprengel, Muscle elevation

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10
Q

Woodward procedure

A

Surgery for Sprengel, Clavicle Osteotomy

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11
Q

Stickler syndrome

A

Congenital condition causing malformation of a connective tissue – collagen causing chondrolysis

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12
Q

McMurray Osteotomy

A

Angulation displacement osteotomy femur

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13
Q

Pirani score

A

For CTEV, midfoot and hindfoot score

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14
Q

Turco view

A

Dorsiflexion lateral view in CTEV

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15
Q

Kite’s angle

A

Talocalcaneal angle in CTEV,
Normal 20-40°,
CTEV <20°

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16
Q

Steenbeck splint

A

Maintenance splint for CTEV

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17
Q

DiMeglio technique

A

Daily physiotherapy and adhesive tapes

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18
Q

McKay Procedure

A

Posteromedial Soft Tissue Release in CTEV

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19
Q

Turco Procedure

A

Hockey Stick posteromedial incision for PMSTR in CTEV

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20
Q

Cicinnati incision

A

Circumferential incision for PMSTR in CTEV

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21
Q

Carrol incision

A

2 incisions for PMSTR in CTEV

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22
Q

Dwyer Osteotomy

A

Lateral closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy in CTEV

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23
Q

Dilwyn-Evans Procedure

A

Partial excision of calcaneocuboid osteotomy in CTEV

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24
Q

Lichtblau’s Procedure

A

Calcaneocuboid excision arthroplasty

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25
Q

Paley classification

A

Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Tibia
Type
Bone ends
Pseudoarthrosis
Previous Surgery
1
Atrophic
Mobile
No
2
Atrophic
Mobile
Yes
3
Broad
Stiff
+/-

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26
Q

Crawford classication

A

Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Tibia
1. Non-Dysplastic – Anterolateral bowing with increased density and sclerosis of medullary canal.
2. Dysplastic – Anterolateral bowing with failure of tubularization
3. Dysplastic – Cystic changes
4. Dysplastic – Frank Pseudoarthrosis

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27
Q

Boyd and Anderson classification

A

Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Tibia

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28
Q

Williams Device

A

Telescopic Rod

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29
Q

Sheffield Rod

A

Telescopic Rod

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30
Q

Fassier Duval Rod

A

Telescopic Rod, aka Peter Williams Rod

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31
Q

Coleman classification

A

Congenital Vertical Talus
1. With calcaneocuboid dislocation
2. Without calcaneocuboid dislocation

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32
Q

Seimon procedure

A

Single stage approach for CVT

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33
Q

Dobb’s method

A

Treatment for congenital vertical talus.
Foot is stretched in plantar flexion and inversion.

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34
Q

Coleman Procedure

A

2- stage, 2- incision surgery for CVT

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35
Q

Cozen phenomenon

A

Greenstick fracture of proximal tibia causing genu valgum

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36
Q

Bowden’s chart

A

To see if genu valgum is pathological

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37
Q

Trueta hypothesis

A

Epiphyseal anemia causing LCPD, age wise difference

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38
Q

Caffey hypothesis

A

LCPD due to intra-epiphyseal compression of blood vessels

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39
Q

Caffey crescent sign

A

Subchondral fracture in LCPD

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40
Q

Gage sign

A

V-shape step defect in lateral part of physis

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41
Q

Modified Elizabethtown classification

A

LCPD
1. Sclerotic – A; B – with loss of height
2. Fragmentation – A – early, B- Late
3. Healing – A – Peripheral, B - >1/3rd Epiphysis
4. Healed

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42
Q

Waldenstrom Classification

A

LCPD
1. Initial Stage (increased radiodensity)
2. Fragmentation Stage
3. Re-Ossification Stage
4. Residual Stage

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43
Q

Catterall Classification

A

Amount of epiphysis involved in LCPD,
4 groups of 25% each

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44
Q

Salter-Thompson Classification

A

Crescent sign in LCPD
Class A - <1/2 of femoral head
Class B - >1/2 of femoral head

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45
Q

Herring Classification

A

Lateral Pillar Height in LCPD
1. Normal
2. >50%
3. <50%

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46
Q

Stulberg Classification

A

Femoral Head Shape in LCPD

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47
Q

Ludloff’s sign

A

In DDH, knee extended with hip flexed and abducted

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48
Q

Klisic test

A

In DDH, digital shoemaker’s line

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49
Q

Tonnis classification

A

In DDH, Position of epiphysis

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50
Q

Graf’s classification

A

In DDH, on USG

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51
Q

Kashiwagi classification

A

In DDH, acetabular rim on MRI

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52
Q

Villefranche classification

A

Ehler Danlos syndrome

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53
Q

Van Der Hoeve disease

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta,
Aka Vrolik disease, Lobstein disease, Brittle Bone disease

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54
Q

Sillence classification

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Cole modification)

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55
Q

Shapiro classification

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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56
Q

Embryotoxon

A

Arcus Juvenilis in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

57
Q

Saturn Ring

A

White Sclera around cornea in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

58
Q

Picture Frame vertebra

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

59
Q

Trefoil Pelvis

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

60
Q

Saber Shin

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

61
Q

Sofield-Millar Procedure

A

Multiple diaphyseal osteotomies for Osteogenesis Imperfecta

62
Q

Ghent criteria

A

Marfan Syndrome

63
Q

Walker Murdoch sign

A

Wrist sign in Marfan’s Syndrome

64
Q

Steinberg sign

A

Thumb sign in Marfan’s Syndrome

65
Q

Rhizomelic

A

Short limbs in achondroplasia
[Mesomelic – short mid segment
Acromelic – short distal segment]

66
Q

Trident hands

A

Achondroplasia

67
Q

Kniest syndrome

A

Truncal dwarfism with dumbbell shaped long bones and broad metaphysis

68
Q

Hitchhiker thumb

A

Short 1st metacarpal in diastrophic dysplasia

69
Q

Fairbank’s dysplasia

A

Severe multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,
Aka Trevor’s disease, Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica
[Mild – Ribbing’s dysplasia]

70
Q

Hatchet-head appearance

A

Decreased sphericity of humeral head in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia

71
Q

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome

A

Chondroectodermal dysplasia,
Generalized defect of maturation of endochondral ossification

72
Q

Larsen syndrome

A

Filamin mutation,
Affects development of bone throughout body resulting in multiple joint problems

73
Q

Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome

A

Craniocarpotarsal dystrophy,
Distal arthrogryposis whistling face

74
Q

Escobar syndrome

A

Multiple Pterygia syndrome

75
Q

Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome

76
Q

Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome

A

Hallux varus, radial deviation of thumb, triangular proximal phalanx, broad toes, thumbs.

77
Q

Streeter dysplasia

A

Congenital constriction band syndrome

78
Q

Patterson classification

A

Congenital constriction band syndrome

79
Q

Dripping wax appearance

A

Melorheostosis, DISH

80
Q

Peabody classification

A

Paralysis of ankle, foot muscles in polio
1. Limited extensor invertor insufficiency
2. Gross extensor invertor insufficiency
3. Evertor insufficiency
4. Triceps surae insufficiency

81
Q

Hoke arthrodesis

A

Triple arthrodesis

82
Q

Girdlestone-Taylor procedure

A

Surgery for lateral claw toe

83
Q

Jones procedure

A

Surgery for claw toe secondary to ankle dorsiflexor weakness

84
Q

Hibbs technique

A

EDL transfer to middle cuneiform in forefoot equinus

85
Q

Japas procedure

A

“V” osteotomy of tarsus in midfoot cavus

86
Q

Dwyer’s osteotomy

A

Calcaneal osteotomy to correct varus and calcaneus of hindfoot

87
Q

Stewart technique

A

Z-plasty of tendoachilles

88
Q

White and Hauser method

A

Tendoachilles lengthening at insertion (White – 2x, hauser – 3x)

89
Q

Campbell procedure

A

Posterior bone block for equinus

90
Q

Barr and Blount procedure

A

Tibialis posterior transfer in immature skeleton equinovarus

91
Q

Steindler release

A

Plantar fascia release in cavovarus deformity

92
Q

Lambrinudi procedure

A

Talocalcaneal wedge osteotomy for equinus

93
Q

Grice-Green procedure

A

Subtalar arthrodesis in equinovalgus

94
Q

Ashworth scale

A

Assessment of hypertonia in Cerebral Palsy

95
Q

Strayer procedure

A

Release of Zone 1 musculotendinous junction of tendoachilles

96
Q

Baumann procedure

A

Zone 1 muscular release

97
Q

Vulpius release

A

Tendoachiles Zone 2 release (aka Baker)

98
Q

Maxpage procedure

A

Flexor Origin Slide

99
Q

Aitken Classification

A

Proximal Femur Focal Deficiency
1. Short femur with Coxa Vara (occasionally subtrochanteric pseudoarthrosis)
2. No connection between head and body
3. Absent femoral head, Severe acetabular dysplasia
4. Complete absence of acetabulum and proximal femur

100
Q

Gillespie and Torode classification

A

Proximal Femur Focal Deficiency
1. Femur 40-60% of normal length, Coxa Vara and lateral bowing of shaft
2. Femur very short, head and neck maybe absent, shaft may be deficient

101
Q

Van Nees procedure

A

Rotationplasty

102
Q

Steel procedure

A

Distal femur to ilium fusion for PFFD

103
Q

Brown’s rotationplasty

A

Distal femur rotated 180° and fused to ilium for PFFD

104
Q

Fairbank’s triangle

A

Inferior part of growth plate is bigger in coxa vara

105
Q

Schmidt type

A

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

106
Q

Pylkkannen theory

A

Poor ossification due to stress and increase neck shaft angle in coxa vara

107
Q

Squinting patella

A

Seen in femoral anteversion,
Sits in “W” position

108
Q

Frog eye patella

A

Seen in femoral retroversion,
Sits in Buddha position.

109
Q

Drennan angle

A

Metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle,
Aka Levine angle,
Normal <11°

110
Q

Langenskiold classification

A

Blount’s disease
1. Metaphyseal beaking
2. Saucer shaped defect of metaphysis
3. Metaphyseal step
4. Epiphysis bent over medial beak
5. Double epiphysis
6. Medial Physeal bony bar

111
Q

Jones classification

A

Tibial hemimelia
1. No visible tibia
2. Distal tibia deficiency
3. Proximal tibia deficiency
4. Shortened tibia with distal tibia-fibula diastasis

112
Q

McConnell taping

A

For Patellar dislocation

113
Q

Blauth and Borisch classification

A

Cleft foot

114
Q

Berg classification

A

Metatarsus Adductus

115
Q

Berman and Gartland classification

A

Multiple metatarsal osteotomies for skew foot

116
Q

Loder classification

A

SCFE – stable/unstable

117
Q

Trethowan sign

A

Failure of Klein’s line to intersect femoral head

118
Q

Blanch sign of steel

A

SCFE,
Increased density in proximal femoral neck

119
Q

Herndon Hump

A

SCFE,
Rounded superior portion of femoral neck

120
Q

Wilson method

A

SCFE grading

121
Q

Southwick method

A

SCFE,
Slip angle

122
Q

Fish and Dunn Osteotomy

123
Q

Mallet system

A

Birth related Brachial Plexus Palsy

124
Q

Clarke’s transfer

A

Pectoralis major,
Transfer for elbow flexion

125
Q

Steindler transfer

A

Making elbow flexor origin more proximal

126
Q

Holt Oram syndrome

A

Radial club hand with cardiac malformation

127
Q

Bayne classification

A

Radial clubhand

128
Q

Blauth classification

A

Thumb hypoplasia in radial clubhand

129
Q

Evans flap

A

To avoid skin buckling on ulnar aspect in centralization of carpus over 3rd metacarpal in radial clubhand

130
Q

Carter and Ezaki protocol

A

For obtaining PA view of forearm for patients with Madelung’s deformity

131
Q

Wassel classification

A

Polydactyly

132
Q

Camptodactyly

A

Flexion contracture and deformity of a finger

133
Q

Clinodactyly

A

Abnormal angular deformity of a digit (>10°) in radio-ulnar plane

134
Q

Plumb line test

A

To detect tibial torsion,
From tibial tuberosity and centre of patella – 1st web space

135
Q

Davis law

A

Ligaments and soft tissues in loose/lax state will gradually shorten

136
Q

Wheaton’s brace

A

KAFO in CTEV

137
Q

Kessler brace

A

Flexible connecting bar for CTEV brace

138
Q

Dobb’s dynamic brace

A

Allows independent movement of legs for CTEV brace

My Orthopaedic Collection (2 decks)

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