Paediatrics

Question 1

Developmental Milestones: Sits without support

Answer 1

7-8 months

Question 2

Developmental Milestones: Crawls

Answer 2

9 months

Question 3

Developmental Milestones: Walks unsupported

Answer 3

13-15 months

Question 4

when to refer for not being able to walk unsupported?

Answer 4

18 months

Question 5

when to refer for not being able to sit without support?

Answer 5

12 months

Question 6

Developmental Milestones: turns toward sound

Answer 6

3 months

Question 7

Developmental Milestones: Double syllables ‘adah’, ‘erleh’

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

Developmental Milestones: Says ‘mama’ and ‘dada’

Answer 8

9 months

Question 9

Developmental Milestones: Combine two words

Answer 9

2 years

Question 10

Developmental Milestones: Knows and responds to own name

Answer 10

12 months

Question 11

Developmental Milestones: palmar grasp

Answer 11

6 months

Question 12

Developmental Milestones: point with finger

Answer 12

9 months

Question 13

Developmental Milestones: good pincer grip

Answer 13

12 months

Question 14

Developmental Milestones: able to build a tower of 3 with bricks

Answer 14

18 months

Question 15

Developmental Milestones: smile

Answer 15

6 weeks

Question 16

Developmental Milestones: Competent with spoon, doesn’t spill with cup

Answer 16

2 years

Question 17

Developmental Milestones: waves “bye-bye”

Answer 17

12 months

Question 18

what does tetralogy of fallot consist of?

Answer 18

1. ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary stenosis
4. overriding aorta

Question 19

Fever initially
Itchy, rash starting on head/trunk before spreading. Initially macular then papular then vesicular
Systemic upset is usually mild

Answer 19

chickenpox

Question 20

Fever, malaise, muscular pain
Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%

Answer 20

Mumps

Question 21

Rash: pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular

Answer 21

Rubella

Question 22

Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots: white spots (‘grain of salt’) on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then to whole body, discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy & confluent

Answer 22

Measles

Question 23

Lethargy, fever, headache
‘Slapped-cheek’ rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces

Answer 23

Also known as fifth disease or ‘slapped-cheek syndrome’
Caused by parvovirus B19

Question 24

Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
‘Strawberry’ tongue
Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth (circumoral pallor)

Answer 24

Scarlet fever- Reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci

Question 25

Mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever Vesicles in the mouth and on the palms and soles of the feet

Answer 25

Hand, foot and mouth disease- caused by coxsackie A16 virus

Question 26

Tetralogy of Fallot murmur

Answer 26

ejection systolic with splitting of second heart sound

Question 27

Continuous machine-like murmur

Answer 27

patent ductus arteriousus

Question 28

pansystolic harsh murmur

Answer 28

VSD

Question 29

ejection systolic murmur louder on inspiration

Answer 29

ASD

Question 30

cyanotic heart disease

Answer 30

tetralogy of Fallot transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Question 31

acyanotic heart disease

Answer 31

VSD and ASD patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) coarctation of the aorta aortic valve stenosis

Question 32

coarctation of the aorta murmur

Answer 32

mid systolic murmur, maximal over the back

Question 33

ejection systolic murmur louder on expiration

Answer 33

aortic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 34

what does the 6 in 1 vaccine include?

Answer 34

diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Hib and hepatitis B

Question 35

When is the Men B vaccination given?

Answer 35

2, 4 and 12-13 months

Question 36

when is the HPV vaccination given?

Answer 36

HPV vaccination

Question 37

when is the MMR vaccine given?

Answer 37

12-13 months and 3-4 years

Question 38

what vaccine is given between 13-18 years?

Answer 38

'3-in-1 teenage booster' (tetanus, diphtheria and polio) Men ACWY

Question 39

what vaccines are given at age 3-4?

Answer 39

'4-in-1 pre-school booster' (diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and polio) MMR

Question 40

which congenital heart defect presents at birth?

Answer 40

transposition of the great arteries