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paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

partial seizures at night time

A

benign Rolandic epilepsy

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2
Q

prolonged seizures with autonomic symptoms such as nausea and retching

A

panayiotopoulos syndrome

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3
Q

epilepsy with visual hallucinations

A

idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy of gastaut

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4
Q

feelings of dread or terror during REM sleep

A

night terror

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5
Q

signs of fecal impaction ?
first line in children ?
maintainence ?

A

constipation symptoms with overflow( more frequent with small stools)
movicol( macrogol)
osmotic or stimulant laxatives

do not use dietary advise as first line management

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6
Q

fever , coarse rash- red, pin head - spares palms nd soles, blanching, bright red tongue ( strawberry tongue),
diagnosis :
causative organism :
tx:

A

scarlet fever
Group A haemolytic streptococci
10days phenoxymethyl penicillin
if allergic then azithromycin

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7
Q

fever, rash, bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, erythema, oedema and skin peeling

A

vasculitis symptoms - Kawasaki disease

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8
Q

diffuse erthematous facial rash, either one or both sides,
maculopapular rash spreading to rest of body days after facial rash

A

parvo virus b19

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9
Q

maculopapular rash starting behind the ear, spreading to face, neck and trunk

A

rubella

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10
Q

fever, skin rash, confusion, vomiitng or diarrhoea ?life threatening

A

staph toxic shock syndrome

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11
Q

peripheral cyanosis in a new born , healthy with no other complaints in the first 24h

A

acrocyanosis

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12
Q

congenital cyanotic heart disease

A

TOF
transposition of great vessels
truncus arteriosis
tricuspid valve abnormalities
total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

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13
Q

management of cyanotic heart disease

A

symptomatic with oxygen
prostaglandin E1 ( alprostadil)- to keep the PDA patent until surgical fixation needed

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14
Q

itchy erythematous rash with poorly defined margins in a otherwise healthy child ?

A

atopic eczema

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15
Q

overgrowth of tissue during the healing process of umbilicus, wet with small amounts of leak of clear/yellow fluid

A

umbilical granuloma

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16
Q

umbilical cellulitis aka

A

omphalitis

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17
Q

anterior abdominal wall defect causing abdominal contents to protrude out

A

gastroschisis

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18
Q

leaking small bowl contents via umbilicus

A

persistent vitello-intestinal duct
more common is persistence of a part for the duct - Meckels diverticulum

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19
Q

most common cardiac defect in downs syndrome

A

AV septal defect

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19
Q

inheritance pattern Cystic fibrosis

test to confirm ?

A

autosomal recessive disorder
chromosome 7
sweat chloride test, heel prick test
usually tested on day 6 using Guthrie card test

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20
Q

GERD management

A

1) trial of thickened formula ( only for bottle fed infants)
2) trial of alginate therapy ( gavsicon)
3) trial of PPI

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21
Q

abnormal genotype by normal phenotype

A

low/incomplete penetrance

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22
Q

severity of particular genotype presenting phenotype

A

penetrance

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23
Q

fever followed by rose pink macular rash ?
caused by ?

A

roseola infant
HHV6

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24
nagayama spots
papular enanthem on the uvula and soft palate seen in roseola infant
25
BLS for children with no signs of breathing
start with 5 rescue breath and then go for chest compressions respiratory compromise more common than cardiac
26
aortic stenosis in children
William syndrome turners syndrome coarctation of aorta
27
small up turned nose, long philtres, wide mouth , full lips, small chin, puffiness around eyes, supravalvular aortic stenosis
William syndrome
28
first line management of migraine in paediatrics
ibuprofen
29
management of nocturnal eneuresis
1.rewarding 2. enuresis alarm 3. desmopressin ( short term control - if enuresis alarm doesn't work)
30
pain worse by the end of the day, growing child, remarkable physical and systemic examination, normal mile stones
growing pain
31
older children, adolescents - involved in sport activities, separation of cartilage and subchondral bone, joint pain, swelling especially ankles, knees
osteochondritis dissecans
32
precocious puberty 1. bilateral enlarged testes 2. unilateral enlarged testis 3. small testes
1. GnRH releasing intracranial tumours 2. gonadal tumours 3. adrenal cause
33
first stage development of 1. breast 2, pubic hair
1.THELARCHE 2.ADRENARCHE
34
Treatment for meningitis in children 1.<3 months 2.>3 months 3. antibiotic prophylaxis for contacts
1. IV cefotaxime and Iv amoxicillin 2. IV cefotaxime 3. ciprofloxacin
35
auditory testing in children 1. newborns 2.<1y 3. <2.5y 4.>3y
1. otoacoustic emission test / Auditory brainstem response test - if OE test abnormal 2. distraction test 3.recognition of familiar objects, performance , speech discrimination 4. puretone audiometry
36
neonatal blood spot screening test
congenital hypothyroidism phenylketonuria CF SCD maple syrup urine disease isovaleric acidemia glutamic acuduria type 1 homocysteinuria medium chain coa deficiency
37
screening for DDH
US hip if >4.5 months then can suggest Xray hip
38
fromula fed , regurgitation, diarrhoea, colic symptoms, wheeze , rarely anaphylactic symptoms diagnosis : management
Cow milk protein intolerance( non IgE mediated)- allergy( IgE mediated) ix: skin prick/patch testing, IgE and specific RAST ab mx: extensive hydrolysed formula feed, avoid cowlick in maternal diet, calcium supplementation as avoiding diary
39
meningitis B vaccine schedule
2,4,12 months
40
subclavicular thrill, machine like murmur, bounding collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, heaving apex beat diagnosis : tx:
Patent ductus arteries tx by Indomethacin or ibuprofen prostaglandin E1( alprostadil) - used to keep the duct open if surgery for congenital heart conditions is indicated
41
fever, cough, abdominal pain, ulcer on mouth followed by rash affecting hands, feet, buttocks, genitals and legs diagnosis : caused by : management :
hand foot mouth disease picornaviridae family viruses( coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71) symptomatic kids to stay off school until they feel better
42
trinucleotide repeat disorders usually exhibit ??? examples:
genetic anticipation Fragile X huntingtons myotonic dystrophy friedrichs ataxia spinocerebellar ataxia spinobulbar muscular atrophy dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy
43
umbilical hernia management
<3yrs- reassurance as spontaenously resolve if permits >3y- refer to paediatric surgeon
44
delayed puberty secondary to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism- absence or impaired sense of smell
kallmans syndrome
45
causes of snoring in children
downs syndrome tonsillitis obesity nasal problems hypothyroidism
46
autosomal recessive conditions are usually metabolic causes exceptions : autosomal dominant conditions are usually structural exceptions:
Inherited ataxia gilberts syndrome, hyperlipidemia type2
47
DDH risk factors
female sex oligohydramnios large baby breech presentation positive family history first born
48
white reflex in children causes: chromosome : management :
retinoblastoma autosomal dominant chromosome 13, loss of function of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor genes -enucleation is the only option / external bean radiotherapy, chemo and photocoagulation
49
acute exacerbation of asthma management in children
SABA - all children should receive PO steroids for 3 days and can extend depending on severity
50
management of croup
PO dexamethasone single dose
51
semitranslucent adhesions to the labia minor, causing recurrent UTIs, aged 3months-3years
Labial adhesions ( caused due to low oestrogen and resolved by puberty) Tx: can be managed conservatively ,but if causing recurrent Uti, can suggest estrogen creams
52
small grey or brown spots seen on the periphery of iris- associated with downs syndrome
brush field spots
53
congenital defect as a gap in iris , lens or retina, associated with patau syndrome
coloboma
54
first line management of whooping cough
azithromycin or clarithromycin
55
SIDS risk factors
hyperthermia sharing bed parental smoking prone position sleeping prematurity
56
measles vaccine
12-15 months 3-4 years if given at a later time, two doses in 3 month interval time
57
raised INR in exclusively breast fed babies- cause
hemorrhagic disease of new born - due to Vit K deficiency from exclusive breast feeding All new borns receive Vit K injection
58
shaken baby syndrome triad
retinal haemorrhages, subdural hematoma, encephalopathy
59
whooping cough caused by ? immunisation schedule ? diagnostic criteria : management : school exclusion : pregnant women schedule :
bordetella peruses 2,3,4 months and 3-5 years paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop, post tussle vomiting, undiagnosed apneic attacks azi, clari or erythromycin 48h after commencing antibiotics 16-32 weeks
60
meningococcal septicaemia treatment dose <1y 1-10years >10y
IV benzylpenicillin 300mg 600mg 1200mg
61
most common cyanotic heart disease at birth ? most common overall
transposition of great vessels overall - TOF
62
most common acyanotic heart disease?
VSD
63
non blanching rash, recently unwell, no fever
ITP
64
microangiopathic haemolytic anemia, acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and exposure to animals
HUS
65
non blanching rash on legs and buttocks, arthralgia and abdominal pain
HSP
66
causative organism for epiglottitis
haemophilus influenza type-b
67
common cause of glomerulonephritis in children
minimal change disease respond well to steroids other features include - hyperlipidemia, hyper coagulable state( loss on antithrombin), infections ( loss of immunoglobulins)
68
precocious puberty age?
before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys
69
first line for pneumonia in children
amoxicillin
70
TOF features
VSD right ventricular hyoertrophy pulmonary stenosis overriding of aorta
71
diff between caput succadeneum and cephalhematoma
swelling at the vertex and normally crosses the midline and is present immediately after birth swelling in parietal region, doesn't cross the midline and is present several hours after birth
72
causes of hypertension in children
renal parenchymal disease renal vascular disease coarctation of aorta phaochromocytoma CAH essential HTN
73
bartters syndrome
AR severe hypokalaemia due to loss in loop of henle normotensive polyuria
74

MSRA (2 decks)

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