Paediatrics Flashcards
what is concussion
tooth tender to touch but NOT DISPLACED
IADT definition
= An injury to the tooth-supporting structures without mobility or displacement of the tooth, but with pain to percussion
what is subluxation
tooth tender to touch, has increased mobility but NOT DISPLACED
what is lateral luxation
tooth displaced usually palatal/lingual or labial direction
what is intrusion
tooth usually displaced through the labial bone plate, or it can impinge on the permanent tooth bud
what is extrusion
partial displacement of tooth out of its socket
what is avulsion
tooth completely out of the socket
what does the trauma stamp involve
mobility
colour
TTP
sinus
percussion note
radiograph
management of lateral luxation
- if minimal/no occlusal interference - allow reposition spontaneously
- severe displacement
(1) extract
(2) reposition +/- splint
management of intrusion
allow spontaneously reposition
dependent of direction of displacement, may effect permanent tooth germ OR displaced towards/through labial bone plate
management of extrusion
- if not interfering with occlusion - spontaneous repositioning
- excessive mobility or extruded >3mm - EXTRACT
management of avulsion
radiograph to confirm
do not replant
management of alveolar fracture
reposition segment
stabilise with a flexible splint to adjacent uninjured teeth for 4 weeks
may need to be extracted after alveolar stability has been achieved
direct complications of dental trauma to the primary tooth + management
discolouration - asymptomatic - no treatment, review
discolouration + infection - symptomatic - extract OR endo treat
delayed exfoliation - monitor for consequences to developing occlusion
in terms of LONG TERM EFFECTS what type of traumatic injury (primary tooth) causes the most disturbances
intrusion
what is the most common injury/anomaly to permanent tooth post primary tooth trauma
enamel defects (44%)
what are types of enamel defects
enamel hypomineralisation
enamel hypoplasia
what is enamel hypomineralisation + treatment
- it is qualitative defect to enamel i.e. normal thickness but poorly mineralised
- white/yellow defect
Treatment
1. no treatment
2. composite masking +/- localised removal
3. tooth whitening
what is enamel hypoplasia + treatment
- it is qualitative defect of enamel i.e. reduced thickness but normal mineralisation
- yellow/brown defects
Treatment
1. no treatment
2. composite masking
what is dilaceration
abrupt deviation of the long axis of the crown or root portion of the tooth
what are crown dilaceration management options
- surgical exposure and orthodontic realignment
2 improve aesthetics restoratively
what is the treatment for root dilaceration/angulation/duplication
combined surgical and orthodontic approach
why can premature loss of a primary tooth result in delayed eruption? how long is the delay
delayed for around 1 year and it is due to thickened mucosa
what are the treatment options for ectopic tooth position
- surgical exposure and orthodontic realignment
- extraction
what are the treatment options for arrested development
- endodontic treatment
- extraction