Paediatrics Flashcards
What is the difference between croup and bronchiolitis?
Croup is an URTI caused by parainfluenza virus most commonly. Affects children between 6months and 2 years. Increased WoB, barking cough, hoarse voice
Bronchiolitis is inflammation and infection of the bronchioles, causes by RSV. Most common in children under 6 months. Coryzal symptoms, wheeze and crackles on auscultation
What is Tourette’s syndrome?
The development of tics that are persistent for over a year. Associated with OCD and ADHD
What is a tic?
An involuntary movement or sound that the child repeated performs
What is a premonitory sensation?
When people with tics feel an overwhelming urge to complete the tic and will do it several times to get relief from the urge
What is a conduct disorder?
Antisocial behaviour characterised by 4 behavioural symptoms - Aggression, destructive, deceitfulness and violation of rules or age appropriate norm
What are the core symptoms of ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour
What virus is responsible for a viral induced wheeze?
RSV or rhinovirus
What age group does viral induced wheeze affect and how may they present?
Under 3 years
- No hx of atopy and only occurs during a viral infection
Wheeze (expiratory)
Fever, cough, coryzal symptoms preceding wheeze by 1-2 d
Who gets croup?
6 months - 2 years
URTI causing oedema of the larynx
Usually caused by parainfluenza virus
How does Croup present?
Barking cough, low grade fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarse voice, increased WoB
What vaccines are LIVE?
BCG, MMR, rotavirus, influenza, oral polio
What causes bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus
Common in under 6 months
What are the signs of respiratory distress?
Increased RR Intercostals and subcostal recession Use of accessory muscles Head bobbling Grunting Nasal flaring Cyanosis
When might you admit a baby with bronchiolitis?
50-75% or less of their normal intake of milk
Under 3 months
Pre-exisiting conditions - CF, Down syndrome, premature
RR >70, O2 <92%
Moderate to severe respiratory distress
Clinical dehydration
What is epiglottitis?
A life threatening emergency where there is inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis due to heamophilius influenza type B
Who do you need to have a high suspicion of epiglotitis in?
Unvaccinated children
Fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, sitting forward (tripoding) drooling
What bacterium causes pertussis / whopping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
What are some possible signs of child abuse?
Change in behaviour or extreme emotional states
Dissociative disorder
Bullying, self harm or suicidal behaviour
Unusually sexualised behaviour
Unusual behaviour during examination
Poor hygiene
Poor physical and. emotional development
Missing appointments or not complying with treatment
What is in the Frazer guidelines?
They are mature and intelligent enough to understand treatment
They cannot be persuaded to discuss it with their parents or let a HCP discuss it with parents
They are likely to have sex regardless of the treatment
Their physical or mental health is likely to suffer without treatment
Treatment is in their best interests
A mother automatically has parental rights from birth, what 2 circumstances allow the father to have parental rights?
They are named as the father on the birth certificate
They are married to the mother
What advice can you give parents to avoid SIDS?
Put the baby to sleep on their backs
Put them in a cot with a fitted sheet and without toys or blankets
Maintain a comfortable room temperature (keep away from windows)
Avoid smoking and handling the baby after smoking
Avoid co-sleeping
Sleep in the same room
What are the important questions to consider when thinking about NAI?
Does the injury fit with the history?
Does history fit with the developmental stage of the child?
What are the 3 common ways someone may become iron deficient because of?
- Insufficient dietary intake
- Loss of Iron - Menorrhoea, bleeding
- Malabsorption - coeliac, crohns
Where is iron absorbed?
Duodenum
Stomach acid is needed to keep it in the soluble form (ferrous)