Paediatric Oncology Flashcards
What imaging modality is used to investigate Wilms tumour
USS - presence of tumour in the renal vein or IVC is important for staging
How may Wilms tumour be distinguished from Neuroblastoma
- CT
- Wilms tumour replaces the kidney
- Neuroblastoma is separate to the kidney
What imaging modality is used to stage neuroblastoma and phaeochromoyctoma
MIBG scintigraphy
When is radiotherapy indicated in paediatric oncology
- Incompletely resected Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
- Chest metastasis (sarcoma, Wilms tumour)
Median age for hepatoblastoma
1 year
What is associated with hepatoblastoma
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
How is the response to treatment assessed in hepatoblastoma/HCC
Serum AFP
How is diagnosis of liver tumour confirmed
Liver needle biopsy
How are paediatric liver tumours managed
- Surgical resection
- Chemotherapy following resection to treat microscopic residual tumour
Describe rhabdomyosarcoma
- Tumour arising from striated muscle
- Most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood
How may rhabdomyosarcoma present
- Mass in the limbs
- Nasopharyngeal tumour causing unilateral nasal obstruction
- Haematuria
- Paratesticular mass
How is rhabdomyosarcoma managed
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- Surgical resection
- Individual sites of metastases receive radiotherapy.
Define Neuroblastoma
- Tumour arising from the primordial neural crest cells (adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia)
- Most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood
How should neuroblastoma be sampled
Open biopsy approach to ensure sufficient tissue is taken
How is neuroblastoma staged
International neuroblastoma staging system
