Paediatric Oncology Flashcards
What imaging modality is used to investigate Wilms tumour
USS - presence of tumour in the renal vein or IVC is important for staging
How may Wilms tumour be distinguished from Neuroblastoma
- CT
- Wilms tumour replaces the kidney
- Neuroblastoma is separate to the kidney
What imaging modality is used to stage neuroblastoma and phaeochromoyctoma
MIBG scintigraphy
When is radiotherapy indicated in paediatric oncology
- Incompletely resected Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
- Chest metastasis (sarcoma, Wilms tumour)
Median age for hepatoblastoma
1 year
What is associated with hepatoblastoma
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
How is the response to treatment assessed in hepatoblastoma/HCC
Serum AFP
How is diagnosis of liver tumour confirmed
Liver needle biopsy
How are paediatric liver tumours managed
- Surgical resection
- Chemotherapy following resection to treat microscopic residual tumour
Describe rhabdomyosarcoma
- Tumour arising from striated muscle
- Most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood
How may rhabdomyosarcoma present
- Mass in the limbs
- Nasopharyngeal tumour causing unilateral nasal obstruction
- Haematuria
- Paratesticular mass
How is rhabdomyosarcoma managed
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- Surgical resection
- Individual sites of metastases receive radiotherapy.
Define Neuroblastoma
- Tumour arising from the primordial neural crest cells (adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia)
- Most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood
How should neuroblastoma be sampled
Open biopsy approach to ensure sufficient tissue is taken
How is neuroblastoma staged
International neuroblastoma staging system
How is neuroblastoma managed
- Stage 1/2 = surgical resection
- Stage 3/4 = neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to resection
How is Wilm’s tumour managed
- Chemotherapy
- Delayed surgical resection
