paediatric malnutrition Flashcards
define malnutrition
lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, unbalanced diet , or being unable to digest and absorb nutrition from the food that one does eat.
signs of PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION
poor weight gain
delayed growth/ reduced height
behavioural changes: irritability anxiety, attention deficit
clinically significant micronutrient deficiencies
iron: fatigue, anemia, glossitis,
iodine: goiter, mental retardation, delay in development
vit D: rickets, hypocalcemia, growth delay
vit A: xeropthalmia, night blindness, hair loss
folate: glossitis, megaloblastic hyperchromic anemia, neural tube defects
zinc: dwarfism, hepatoslenomegaly, reduced immune response, poor wound healing
PEM physical exam
reduced sub cut tissue on arms and legs
oedema: legs and anasarca
mouth changes: cheliosis, angular stomatitis, papillar atrophy- folate
abdominal distension
fissured nails
hair changes ( vit a ): thin, easily pulled out
dg work up
haematoogical -cbc- detect anemia -ESR- detect anemia RBC indices peripheral smear
protein status study
electrolytes- deficient and imbalanced
urin analysis: ??
culture: ?
most useful lab tests
haematological and protein status
when are stool samples obtained in paediatric malnutrition
if tchild has a history of abnormal stools/ stooling patterns
if the family uses
an unreliable or questionable source of water.
what haem studies are essential for malnutrition
cbc
rbc indices
peripheral smear
which proteins are evaluated during the proteins status
prealbumin
albumin
transferrin
creatine
BUN
what do nutritional status studies include
complete & dietary history
growth measurements
-weight, height, HC
complete physical exam
managemnt of chronic and mild malnutrition
caloric intake of 120-150kcal a day for weight gain
vitamin supplements
severe malnutrition
tube feeding
how to prevent malnutrition on children
promote breastfeeding for adequate prenatal nutrition
introduction of supplementary feeding options
