Paediatric Hand Therapy Flashcards
Learning
What is a Camptodactyly?
A rare congenital condition of the hand that is characterised by a fixed flexion deformity of the PIPJ of the little finger.
What causes Camptodactyly?
An abnormal lumbrical insertion, abnormal FDS insertion, abnormal central slip, abnormal extensor hood, abnormal volar plate, subcutaneous tissue, or dermis contracture
What are the types of Camptodactyly? How are they treated?
1: Isolated anomaly of the little finger, presenting in infancy (splint / stretch)
2: Same as type 1 but presents in adolescence
3: Severe contracture from birth - consider osteotomy / fusion
What is Syndactyly?
A condition where two or more digits are fused together. This is the most common congenital malformation of the hands. Usually ring and middle finger.
What are the types of Syndactyly?
Simple: only soft tissue involvement
Complex: side to side fusion of adjacent phalanges
Complicated: Accessory phalanges or abnormal bones involved in fusion
What is a complete Syndactyly?
Complete = full finger fused.
Incomplete = partial finger fusion.
How is Syndactyly treated?
Digital release with zig-zag flaps to prevent scarring.
What is Brachydactyly?
Means literally; short finger. This is due to shortening of the bones.
What are the types of Brachydactyly? (A-B)
Type A1: The middle phalanges of all fingers are shortened.
Type A2: The index and sometimes little finger are shortened.
Type A3: Only the little finger is shortened
Type B: the distal phalanx is shortened or missing, including nails. Thumb bones are intact but often flattened.
What are the types of Brachydactyly? (C-E)
C: The same as type A1 but the ring finger is not affected.
D: The distal phalanx of the thumb is shortened
E: Shortened metacarpals
What is Polydactyly? (Hyperdactyly)
Polydactyly is characterised by extra digits in the hand.
What are the types of Polydactyly?
Preaxial (radial): extra thumb
Central: An extra digit between index, middle, and ring fingers
Postaxial (ulnar): extra little finger / toe
What is Constriction Ring Syndrome?
A tissue band forms around the digit which can affect blood flow and normal growth.
What are the types of Constriction Ring Syndrome?
1: Simple constrictions
2: Constrictions that cause deformities beyond the constriction
3: Constrictions that are associated with the fusion of parts of the finger
4: Constrictions so severe that part of the finger needs to be amputated.
What is a Clinodactyly?
A Clinodactyly is a minor bone deformation where the distal aspect of the finger bends irregularly.
