Paediatric ENT Flashcards
What is the most common causative organism of scarlet fever?
Strep pyogenes
How does scarlet fever present?
Fine, pinhead erythema
Rough sandpaper like texture to the skin
Strawberry tongue
Fever, malaise, lethargy
Sore throat
Can be febrile seizures
How is scarlet fever managed?
Penicillin V - need a prolonged course of 10 days
How long does a child with scarlet fever need to be kept off school?
Until 24 hours after commencing Abx
What are complications of scarlet fever?
Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
What is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media?
Strep pneumoniae
What is glue ear?
Acute otitis media with effusion
Middle ear becomes full of fluid and leads to hearing loss
Due to blockage of the Eustachian tube
How is glue ear seen on otoscopy?
Dull tympanic membrane
Air bubbles
Visible fluid level
How is glue ear managed?
Gommets may be needed if there is a structural abnormality e.g. Down syndrome/cleft palate
What are congenital causes of hearing loss?
Maternal Rubella/cytomegalovirus
Genetic deafness
Down syndrome
What are post-birth causes of hearing loss?
Jaundice (kernicterus)
Meningitis/encephalitis
Otitis media/glue ear
Chemotherapy
What is cleft lip and cleft palate?
Cleft lip = split/open section of upper lip
Cleft palate = defect in hard/soft palate with opening in between mouth and nasal cavity
When does surgery for cleft lip and palate occur?
Lip = 3months Palate = 6-12 months
Which type of congenital neck lump transilluminates? Where does this neck lump usually sit?
Cystic hygroma
Posterior to sternocleidomastoid
What is the most appropriate hearing test in newborns? What do you do if this test is abnormal?
Otoacoustic emission test – should be done as part as the newborn hearing screening programme
If abnormal – auditory brainstem response test
