Paediatric ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common causative organism of scarlet fever?

A

Strep pyogenes

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2
Q

How does scarlet fever present?

A

Fine, pinhead erythema
Rough sandpaper like texture to the skin
Strawberry tongue

Fever, malaise, lethargy
Sore throat

Can be febrile seizures

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3
Q

How is scarlet fever managed?

A

Penicillin V - need a prolonged course of 10 days

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4
Q

How long does a child with scarlet fever need to be kept off school?

A

Until 24 hours after commencing Abx

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5
Q

What are complications of scarlet fever?

A

Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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7
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Acute otitis media with effusion
Middle ear becomes full of fluid and leads to hearing loss

Due to blockage of the Eustachian tube

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8
Q

How is glue ear seen on otoscopy?

A

Dull tympanic membrane
Air bubbles
Visible fluid level

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9
Q

How is glue ear managed?

A

Gommets may be needed if there is a structural abnormality e.g. Down syndrome/cleft palate

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10
Q

What are congenital causes of hearing loss?

A

Maternal Rubella/cytomegalovirus
Genetic deafness
Down syndrome

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11
Q

What are post-birth causes of hearing loss?

A

Jaundice (kernicterus)
Meningitis/encephalitis
Otitis media/glue ear
Chemotherapy

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12
Q

What is cleft lip and cleft palate?

A

Cleft lip = split/open section of upper lip

Cleft palate = defect in hard/soft palate with opening in between mouth and nasal cavity

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13
Q

When does surgery for cleft lip and palate occur?

A
Lip = 3months
Palate = 6-12 months
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14
Q

Which type of congenital neck lump transilluminates? Where does this neck lump usually sit?

A

Cystic hygroma

Posterior to sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

What is the most appropriate hearing test in newborns? What do you do if this test is abnormal?

A

Otoacoustic emission test – should be done as part as the newborn hearing screening programme

If abnormal – auditory brainstem response test

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16
Q

What hearing test is usually done at schools?

A

Pure tone audiometry