Paediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A virus

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2
Q

How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?

A

Starts as an upper respiratory tract infection- sore throat,t dry cough, fever

Then after 1-2 days -

small mouth ulcers

Blistering red spots mostly on hands, feet and around mouth

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3
Q

How is hand foot and mouth disease managed?

A

Supportive

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4
Q

How can you differentiate between a nappy rash and a candida infection?

A

Signs that point to candida =

Rash extending into the skin folds

Well demarcated border

Circular pattern - similar to ringworm

Satellite lesions

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5
Q

How does Scabies present?

A

Incredibly itchy small red spots

Track marks where the mites have burrowed - classically between the fingers

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6
Q

How is Scabies managed?

A

1st line = Permethrin cream

All household and physical contacts must be treated

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7
Q

What is crusted scabies and how is it treated?

A

Crusted skin with scabies

Occurs in immunocompromised patients

Treated with ivermectin

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8
Q

What is the most common causative organism of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

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9
Q

How does impetigo present?

A

Golden crusted lesions typically around the mouth

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10
Q

How is impetigo managed?

A

1st line = Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream

Topical fusidic acid is an alternative

If widespread = oral flucloxacillin

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11
Q

How long do children with impetigo need to be kept off school?

A

Until lesions are crusted and healed , or 48 hours after starting treatment

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12
Q

What virus causes Roseola?

A

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)

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13
Q

How does Roseola present?

A

High fever that comes on suddenly, lasts for 3-5 days then disappears

Then an erythematous macular rash for 1-2 days

Often diarrhoea/vomiting

Febrile convulsions can occur

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14
Q

How does measles present?

A

Prodrome of fever, coryza and conjunctivitis

Koplik spots - spots on Buccal mucosa. Pathogenomic for measles

Erythematous macular rash which starts on the face - classically behind the ears

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15
Q

What are complications of measles?

A

Otitis media

Pneumonia

Encephalitis

Meningitis

Hearing loss

Vision loss

Death

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16
Q

How does rubella present?

A

Milder erythematous rash than measles

Starts on face then spreads to body

Lymphadenopathy

17
Q

How does a Parvovirus B19 infection present?

A

“slapped cheek syndrome”

Starts with mild fever, coryza and non-specific viral symptoms

Then a few days later - bright red rash on both cheeks

Then a reticular (net-like) erythematous rash on trunk and limbs

18
Q

When is Parvovirus B19 infection infectious? (Slapped cheek syndrome)

A

Prior to rash forming - not once rash has formed

19
Q

What are complications of Parvovirus B19?

A

Aplastic anaemia - especially in those with sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, and haemolytic anaemias

Encephalitis/meningitis

20
Q

What is the most common complication of chickenpox?

A

Secondary bacterial infection of the lesions