Paediatric CVS Flashcards
List the three shunts in fetal circulation
Ductus venosus - bypasses liver
Foramen ovale - bypasses the right ventricle/pulmonary circulation
Ductus arteriosus - redirects blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
List the 5 major cyanotic heart defects
Truncus arteriosus Transposition of the great arteries Tricuspid valve atresia Tetralogy of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
What type of shunt occurs in cyanotic heart disease?
Right –> left
What type of shunt occurs in acyanotic heart disease?
Left –> right
What are the risk factors for transposition of the great arteries?
Maternal age >40
Maternal diabetes
Maternal rubella infection
Poor nutrition
When does cyanosis in TGV present?
Presents within days of birth
What is the characteristic CXR finding for TGV
Cardiomegaly with egg on a string appearance
What is the management for TGV?
- Admit and stabilise
- Maintain patency of shunts
- Corrective surgery within 2 weeks of life
How is the potency of shunts maintained in management of TGV?
PGE1 (alprostadil) infusion
Balloon atrial septostomy.
What are the 4 classic finding of TOF?
VSD
Aorta overriding the VSD
Pulmonary outflow tract obstruction
Secondary RV hypertrophy
What are the risk factors for TOF?
Down syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Chromosome 22 deletions
Which two main issues occur in TOF?
VSD –> overriding aorta
Pulmonary outflow tract obstruction –> RV hypertrophy
What is the significance of the overriding aorta in TOF?
Deoxygenated blood also enters the aorta and the systemic circulation
What kind of shunt occurs in truncus arteriosus?
Left to right shunt
What kind of shunt occurs in tricuspic atresia?
Obligate right to left shunt
