Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 - Child Health > Paediatric Cardiology > Flashcards

Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Is an atrial septal defect cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which valve does partial AVSD affect?

A

Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does ASD typically present?

A

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does severe ASD present?

A

Recurrent chest infections, wheeze and heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is heard on examination of ASD?

A

Wide splitting S2

+/- ejection systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what age does the murmur typically appear in ASD?

A

30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does ECG usually show with ASD?

A

RBBB with RAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of the aorta does coarctation of the aorta commonly affect?

A

Thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does coarctation of the aorta cause collapse at 3 days old?

A

This is when PDA shuts and creates a larger volume of afterload in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the minor symptoms of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Headache, chest pain, fatigue, leg claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of a major coarc of the aorta?

A

Collapse at 3 days
Upper body hypertension/lower body hypotension
Grey baby
Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is seen on CXR with coarc of the aorta?

A

3 sign and rib notching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is coarc of the aorta treated?

A

IV prostaglandins
High pressure ventilation
Surgical balloon + stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are abx given in corac of aorta?

A

Endocarditis prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the absolute crucial thing to do in congenital cyanotic heart disease?

A

Maintain the PDA with prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for Eisinmenger’s syndrome?

A

Heart transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is eininmengers syndrome?

A

Shunt reversal of PDA causing cyanotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give some features that would suggest innocent murmurs

A

InnoSSent:

Soft
Sound S1 and S2
Symptomless
Systolic
Short
Standing and sitting changes
Sternal edge (left)
Supine makes it louder
Stays where it is (no radiation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which heart defects are associated with Turner’s syndrome?

A

Atrial stenosis

Corac of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which heart defect is associated with Williams syndrome?

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which heart defects are assocaited with Noonans syndrome?

A

Tricuspid stenosis

Septal defects

22
Q

Which heart defects are assocaited with Trisomy 13 and 18?

A

Complex septal defects

23
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus connect?

A

Pulmonary artery and aorta

24
Q

Is PDA cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

25
Q

Which is the classical murmur for PDA?

A

Continuous, machine-like

26
Q

How is asymptomatic PDA treated?

A

Closed after around 1 year via catheter (due to endocarditis risk)

27
Q

How is symptomatic PDA treated?

A

Closed immediately with NSAIDs.

28
Q

How is PDA investigated?

A

Echo
CXR
ECG

29
Q

How does PDA present in term babies and children?

A

Poor feeding, failure to thrive are typical

Also: tachypnoea, dyspnoea, fatigue.

30
Q

How does PDA present in prems?

A

RDS
Apnoea
Critically unwell

31
Q

What is rheumatic heart disease?

A

Damage to the heart caused by rheumatic fever

32
Q

How does rheumatic heart disease present?

A

Depends on degree of damage

Cardio symptoms rly: dyspnoea; chest pain; oedema; palps

33
Q

How is rhuematic heart disease investigated?

A

Culture

ECG

34
Q

How is rheumatic heart disease managed?

A

Secondary prophylaxis (long term penicillin)
Valve repair
Anti-coags

35
Q

What are the 4 features of tetralogy of fallot?

A

Overriding aorta
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Large VSD
RVH

36
Q

What are the “tet spells” that occur in TOF?

A

Sudden onset dyspnoea and cyanosis typically triggered by reduction in O2 sats
(crying, distress, poop)

37
Q

What does CXR show for TOF?

A

“Boot shaped” heart

38
Q

How are the “tet spells” in TOF managed?

A

Beta blocker for hypoxic spells in infancy

39
Q

How is TOF managed long term?

A

Surgical repair

40
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries

A

Basically as it says

Aorta and PA switch

41
Q

How does transposition of the great arteries present?

A

Clubbing

PDA signs

42
Q

What does x-ray show for transposition of the great arteries?

A

Egg on side appearance

43
Q

How is transposition of the great arteries managed?

A

Prostaglandins - maintain the PDA!
Ballon atrioseptostomy
Graft surgery

44
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

45
Q

Is VSD cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

46
Q

How do small VSDs present?

A

Asymptomatic generally

With potential loud pansystolic murmur at lower left sternal edge

47
Q

How do large VSDs present?

A

Failure to thrive, recurrent chest infection, heart failure

Soft pan systolic murmur or no murmur,

48
Q

How is a large VSD investigated?

A

CXR
ECG
Echo

49
Q

What does CXR show in VSD?

A

Cardiomegaly

Increased pulmonary markings

50
Q

What does ECG show in VSD?

A

RVH/LVH

51
Q

How is a small VSD managed?

A

Usually closes spontaneously

52
Q

How is a large VSD treated?

A

Surgical closure

In mean time diuretics and captopril for HF

Year 4 - Child Health (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions