Paedatric Cardiology Flashcards
Which cardiac lesion presents with an ejection systolic murmur and ejection click?
Aortic stenosis
In what cardiac lesion is a continuous machine like murmur seen in?
PDA
Pansystolic in neonates and continuous after 3 months
What is the main complication of Kawasaki disease?
Coronary artery angiogram
Why is an ECHO required in children with Kawasaki disease?
Due to risk of coronary artery angiogram
What are some key features of Kawasaki disease?
Type of vasculitis predominantly in children Prolonged fever (>5 days) that is resistant to antipyretics Strawberry tongue Cervical lymphadenopathy Red, cracked lips Conjunctival injection Red palms and soles Rash on body
How is Kawasaki disease managed?
High dose aspirin, then tapered to lower dos
IV immunoglobulins
ECHO
What are some duct dependent lesions?
Hypoplastic left heart
Severe coarctation of the aorta
Critical aortic stenosis
(Severe left outflow obstructive lesions that require the R to L shunting of blood through the ductus arteriosus)
What are some features of heart failure in a neonate/ infant?
Failure to thrive Hepatomegaly Poor feeding Enlarged heart Breathlessness Sweating Tachycardia, tachypnoea
How would a neonate with a duct dependent lesion present?
Acute shock and cyanosis
Need urgent prostaglandin IV infusion
What are the 4 anatomical features of tetralogy of fallot?
Over riding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
A chest x ray showing a boot shaped heart is characteristic of what?
Tetralogy of fallot (due to the right ventricular hypertrophy)
In which direct does the blood shunt in tetralogy of fallot?
R to L shunt
Which congenital cardiac lesions will present with neonatal collapse?
Critical aortic stenosis
Hypoplastic left heart
Severe coarctation of the aorta
What type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone and what is it’s mechanism of action?
Cephalosporin, acts to inhibit cell wall synthesis
