PAD and venous thromboembolism Flashcards
epidemiology of PAD
Majority are 65 years or older
African Americans are affected more often than any other group
patho of PAD
Progressive and chronic condition
Obstruction of blood flow through the large peripheral arteries causes arterial occlusion
what is PAD
build up of fatty substances in the wall of the artery
clinical manifestations of PAD
May be asymptomatic
Identified by a reduced ankle BP, decreased peripheral pulses, paresthesia
Manifest symptoms of intermittent claudication (significant calf pain) or severe chronic leg ischemia
management of PAD
Provide relief of symptoms, prevent progression of arterial disease and cardiovascular complications
Improve quality of life and provide education
complications of PAD
Critical limb ischemia
Acute limb ischemia
nonsurgical management of PAD
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (through skin and into center space of artery)
Laser-assisted angioplasty
Rotational atherectomy
epidemiology of DVT
Blood clot in a large vein, usually in the leg or pelvis
Less common in the pediatric population
patho of DVT
Develops in the deep veins of the calf muscles
Less frequently in the proximal deep veins of the lower extremity or upper arm
Venous stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability (virchow’s triad)
clinical manifestations of DVT
Patient may be asymptomatic
Unilateral edema, pain, redness
management of DVT
Diagnostics include a combination of a pretest risk assessment, D-dimer testing (indicates amount of clotting), and compression ultrasonography
Anticoagulants
thrombolytics
Surgical management is rarely utilized
raise legs up
treatment of PAD
dangle arteries
stop smoking
avoid tight clothing
no heating pads
vasodilators and antiplatelets
