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Men's Health > Packet 3 > Flashcards

Packet 3 Flashcards

1
Q

malignant cells withing the testicular tissue; germ cell

A

testicular cancer

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2
Q

age prevalence of testicular cancer

A

20-35 years

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3
Q

risk factors of testicular cancer

A

cryptorchidism, FHx, PMhx

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4
Q

symptoms of testicular cancer

A

a small painless less on testicle (unilateral)
heavy sensation to scrotum
secondary hydrocele
metastasis symptoms: fever, cough, bone pain, weight loss, night sweats

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5
Q

PE testicular cancer

A

nontender mass on testicle
diffuse enlargement of testicle with changes to shape or consistency
inguinal lymphadenopathy
signs consistent of hydrocele

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6
Q

Dx tests testicular cancer

A

serum markers: hcG, alpha fetoprotein, LDH
imaging: scrotal US
surgical evaluation (biopsy) and subsequent staging

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7
Q

Treatment testicular cancer

A

orchiectomy
chemotherapy
radiation
radical surgical intervention (remove lymph nodes and spermatic cord)

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8
Q

complications with orchiectomy

A

infertility and erectile dysfunction

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9
Q

testicular self exam

A

recommended to adolescents (15)

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10
Q

benign tumor of the prostate gland resulting in enlargement

A

benign prostate hypertrophy

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11
Q

BPH cause

A

increased DHT and testosterone causes proliferation of cells

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12
Q

BPH risk factors

A

aging, FHx, african american

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13
Q

obstructive sx of BPH

A

changes in stream
urinary hesitancy
incomplete emptying
straining

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14
Q

irritative sx of BPH

A

nocturia
urgency
frequency

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15
Q

PE BPH

A

DRE- nontender, homogenous enlargement with rubbery consistency
abd exam
external genitalia exam
neuro exam

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16
Q

what is and what causes neurogenic bladder

A

nerves don’t communicate with the bladder
stroke
diabetes

17
Q

Dx Tests BPH

A

Urinalysis
Labs: PSA, BUN/Creatinine
Transurethral US
biopsy

18
Q

Tx BPH pharmacological

A

alpha blockers- terazosin (Hytrin), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax)
alpha reductase inhibitors- finasteride (Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart)

19
Q

side effects of alpha blockers and alpha reductase inhibitors

A

alpha blockers: dizziness
alpha reductase inhibitors: erectile dysfunction and decreased libido

20
Q

Tx of BPH nonpharmocological

A

transurethral prostate resection

21
Q

malignant cells within the prostate gland
most common cancer in men

A

prostate cancer

22
Q

type 1 of prostate cancer

A

adenocarcinoma and androgen dependent

23
Q

risk factors of prostate cancer

A

age, Fhx, Pmhx, African Americans

24
Q

Sx prostate cancer

A

asymptomatic–found incidentally on PSA or DRE
urinary complaints- hematuria, retention
back pain
metastasis- bone pain, cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss

25
Q

PSA screening

A

PSA > 4ng/mL: further workup of prostate cancer
PSA >10 ng/mL: indicative of prostate cancer
screening age 55-69: grade C (certain populations)
screening age >70: grade D (don’t recommend)

26
Q

Dx tests prostate cancer

A

urinalysis: RBCs
transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy- multiple samples: complications of UTI, bleeding, ED
metastasis: CT/MRI/PET

27
Q

prostate cancer staging system

A

gleason grading system: based on cell differentiation on biopsy results
TNM: tumor depth, number of nodes, and metastasis

28
Q

prostate cancer treatment

A

watchful waiting
radiation
prostatectomy
metastasis: palliative care and symptomatic tx (GnRH agonists: leuprolide acetate (Lupron) or radiation

29
Q

inability to obtain or maintain an erection

A

erectile dysfunction

30
Q

causes of ED

A

physical: obesity, DM, HTN, high cholesterol, neurogenic, BPH
psychological: stress, depression, anxiety, loss of interest, ED meds

31
Q

Dx tests erectile dysfunction

A

Labs: lipids, HBA1C, testosterone, LH
prostaglandin E1 injection
imaging: US or angiography

32
Q

pharmacological tx erectile dysfunction

A

phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis)
androgen replacement tx- in hypogonadism
intracavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1

33
Q

nonpharmacological tx erectile dysfunction

A

counseling
implants
facilitating devices
smoking cessation
diet and exercise

Men's Health (3 decks)

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