PACKAGING MATERIAL INSPECTION AND : PM Inspection: Closures, Bottle Finish and Bottle Defects Flashcards
1
Q
the packaging system sum of packaging
components and materials that together
contain and protect the article
A
PACKAGING SYSTEM
2
Q
any single part of the Package or Container– closure system
A
PACKAGING COMPONENT
3
Q
a packaging component that is in direct
contact with or may come into direct
contact with the article
A
PRIMARY PACKAGING
4
Q
a packaging component that is in direct
contact with a primary packaging
component and may provide additional
protection for the article.
A
SECONDARY PACKAGING
5
Q
a packaging component that is in direct
contact with a Secondary packaging
component and may provide additional
protection for the article during
transportation and/or storage.
A
TERTIARY PACKAGING
6
Q
receptacle that holds an intermediate
compound, API, excipient, or dosage form, and is in direct contact with the article.
A
CONTAINER
7
Q
a material that seals an otherwise open
space of a Container and provides
protection for the contents. It also provides
access to the contents of the container.
A
CLOSURE
8
Q
Highly resistant borosilicate glass
A
Type I
9
Q
Treated Soda lime glass
A
Type II
10
Q
Soda lime glass
A
Type III
11
Q
General purpose soda lime glass
A
Type IV
12
Q
- Draw and identify the different bottle
finishes and identify appropriate closure
for each type - Using the same samples, inspect the
units for presence of any defect. - Describe each defect and group them
accordingly
A
INSPECTION
13
Q
- using a vernier caliper, measure the
length and width of the 10 samples. - Compute for the mean length and mean
width. - Record the fill volume of the 10 samples. Get the mean volume.
- Record the weight of the 10 samples. Get the mean weight.
A
DIMENSION
14
Q
1.Fill 10 container to 90% of its overflow
capacity with distilled water
2.Place the containers in the autoclave set
at 121° +/- 2.0 for 60 minutes
3.Empty the content measuring to 100mL
in volume into a conical flask
- Add 2 drops of Methyl red TS
- Titrate, while warm, with 0.020 N
sulfuric acid (Completing the titration
within 60 minutes after opening the
autoclave). Record the volume - Perform blank test using 100 ml of
distilled water. - Classify the type of container used and
compare the results on the given
specifications
A
WATER ATTACK TEST
15
Q
- Select 10 containers of uniform size and type, clean the sealing surface.
- Close and open each container 30 times. Apply the closure firmly and uniformly each time the container is closed.
- Add desiccant to eight of the containers, designated as test containers, filling to within 13 mm of the closure if the container volume is 20 ml or more, or filing each to two thirds of capacity if the container volume is less than 20 ml.
- Close each container immediately after
adding the desiccant - To each of the two remaining
containers, designated as controls, add
sufficient glass
beads to attain a weight approximately
equal to that of the test containers. - Record the weight of the prepared
individual containers - Store in a container with relative humidity of 75±3% relative humidity that is achieved by a saturated system of 35 grams of sodium chloride with each 100 ml of water placed in the bottom of a dessicator
- After 14 days, record the weight of the
individual containers in the same manner - Completely fill 5 containers of the same size and type as the containers under test with water
A
MOISTURE PERMEATION
16
Q
______are an integral part of the
formulation of a product.
A
Containers
17
Q
Two types pf containers
A
- Glass containers
- Plastic containers
18
Q
This is the very top section of bottle
and it is made to seal with a cap.
A
Finish
19
Q
This is the section from the ring seam
down to where the form curve makes a wide
bend at the base of neck.
A
Neck
20
Q
Section that widens out up to the
straight form of the body
A
Shoulder
21
Q
The largest part. Section were the
contents go in. Product label should be placed in this part.
A
Body
22
Q
The flat section that enable it to
stand upright
A
Bottom
23
Q
The curve part down from the
bottom plate seam to where the flat bottom
starts is specially named _______.
A
Heel
24
Q
There are many factors to consider when
selecting a closure for container:
A
- How the product should be dispensed
- Packaging requires extra protection
- Overall style
25
It is important that your cap properly fits the
bottle or jar ______ in order to obtain a
proper seal.
neck finish
26
Choosing a _____ is an important part of the
cap selection process
Liner
27
Cap types: Non-dispensing
Threaded Caps
Lug Caps
Child Resistant Caps ("CRC")
Snap Caps
Induction Lined Caps
Tapered Corks
Brush Caps
Black Phenolic Ball Rod Caps
28
Cap types: Dispensing
Pumps
Sprayers
Disc Top Caps
Orifice Reducer
Twist Top Caps
Flip Top Spout Caps
Glass Dropper Caps
29
The interior of a ____ has
uninterrupted spiraling threads meant to
match with the neck finish of a compatible
container.
Threaded Caps
30
_____are compatible with ____-finish
containers, which have non-continuous
threads.
Lug Caps
31
To remove a _____, the user must push
down on the cap while simultaneously turning it clockwise.
Child Resistant Caps ("CRC")
32
A closure held in place by a bead (a depressed
or raised circle or ring around a container or
closure) rather than a thread.
Snap Caps
33
have several layers:
pulpboard, wax, foil, and a polymer coating.
Induction Lined Caps
34
stoppers are made from a
single piece of_____ material and gradually
decrease in diameter from top to bottom.
Tapered Corks
35
consists of a screw cap with a
plastic rod attached to the inside.
Brush Caps
36
have a PE plastic
rod attached on the inside.
Black Phenolic Ball Rod Caps
37
allow the user to dispense an equal
amount of high viscosity product with each
stroke.
Pumps
38
allow the user to mist an equal
amount of low viscosity product with each
pump
Sprayers
39
allow the user to dispense
product without having to remove the cap.
Disc Top Caps
40
limit the amount of product
dispensed by making a bottle's opening
smaller.
Orifice Reducer
41
, simply turn the
upper part of the cap counterclockwise to
expose the orifice.
Twist Top Caps
42
When the spout is flipped down, flush with
the top of the cap, the dispensing orifice is
closed to help prevent leakage.
Flip Top Spout Caps
43
These closures consist of a plastic screw cap
with a round hole in the top to accommodate a rubber bulb.
Glass Dropper Caps
44
_____reduce the orifice size of
squeezable bottles by dispensing contents
through a cone shaped spout.
Yorker Spout Caps
45
have several orifices to dispense dry
products.
Sifter Caps & Inserts
46
a small dispensing
orifice and an attached hinged lid to reduce
the possibility of leakage.
Snap Top Caps
47
A dropper tip plug fits into a bottle's opening reducing the size of the orifice.
Dropper Caps & Plugs
48
is comprised of a
threaded ribbed polypropylene base and a PE plastic spout.
Push / Pull Caps
49
as a failure to conform to
specifications and the unit, which contains
the defect is referred to as defective
maybe classified according to its
measurability, seriousness and nature
Defects
50
Defects are classified according to
severity
Critical
Major
Minor
51
that are hazardous to the user
and those that make the container completely
unusable
Critical
52
those that materially reduce the
usability of the container or its contents
Major
53
those that do not affect the usability of
the container, but detract from its appearance or acceptability to the customer.
Minor
54
Critical Defects in Glass Bottles or
Containers
Stuck Plug
Overpress
Split
Check
Freaks
Poor Distribution
Soft Blister
Choked Bore
Cracks.
Pinhole.
Filament
Bird Swing.
55
Major Defects Commonly
Found in Glass Containers
Chipped Finish
Stone
Rocker Bottom
Flanged Bottom
Sunker Shoulder
Tear
Washboard
56
Minor Defects Commonly
Found in Glass Containers
Hard Blister
Dirt
Heel Tap
Mark
Wavy bottle
Seeds
Neck ring seam
57
A piece of glass, usually very sharp, projecting inwards just inside the neck bore
Stuck Plug
58
is a defect where a small ridge of glass has been formed on the sealing surface of the finish
Overpress
59
An open crack starting at the top of the finish and extending downward
Split
60
A small, shallow surface crack, usually at the bore of the container
Check
61
Odd shapes and conditions that render the container completely unusable. Bent or cocked necks are a common defect of this type.
Freaks
62
Thin shoulder, slug neck,
choke neck, heavy bottom are terms used to
describe the uneven distribution of glass
Poor Distribution
63
A thin blister, usually found on or
near the sealing surface. It can however show
up anywhere on the glass container.
Soft Blister
64
Here excess of glass has been
distributed to the inside of the finish or
opening
Choked Bore
65
Partial fractures, usually found in the
heel area
Cracks
66
Any opening causing leakage. It occurs
most often in bottles with pointed corners.
Pinhole
67
A hair-like string inside the bottle
Filament
68
are glass projections inside the
bottle.
Spike
69
Is a glass thread joining the two
walls of the container
Bird Swing
70
Pieces broken out of the top
edge in the manufacturing process.
Chipped Finish.
71
Small inclusion of any non-glass
material
Stone
72
A sunken centre portion on
in base of the container
Rocker Bottom
73
A rim of glass around the
bottom at the parting line
Flanged Bottom
74
Not fully blown, or sagged
after blowing
Sunker Shoulder
75
Similar to a check, but opened up. A tear
will not break when tapped, a check will.
Tear
76
A wavy condition of horizontal
lines in the body of the bottle.
Washboard
77
A deeply embedded blister that
is not easily broken.
Hard Blister
78
Scaly or granular nonglass material.
Dirt
79
A manufacturing defect where
excess glass has been distributed into the heel
Heel Tap
80
A brush mark is composed of fine
vertical laps, e.g. oil marks from moulds.
Mark
81
A wavy surface on the inside of
the bottle
Wavy bottle
82
Small bubbles in the glass
Seeds
83
A bulge at the parting line
between the neck and the body.
Neck ring seam
84
Give the significance of using the appropriate
closure and having different designs for bottle finish.
-Any closure / cap should provide an
effective seal to retain the container
contents and exclude external
contaminants.
-The style /design of the bottle will
somehow affect the marketing of the
product
85
- moment or moment of force, the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
Torque
86
an instrument used to measure the
circular force applied to loosen a cap.
Torque tester
87
Adv. Of Plastic bottles:
1. cheap
2. convenient
3. lightweight
4. shatterproof
5. recyclable
88
Disadvantages of Plastic:
1. not safe for hot liquids/ for use in
dishwashers and in microwaves
2. Some tougher, reusable plastic bottles
may contain Bisphenol A, a polycarbonate
believed to cause cancer.
3. Many of it end up in landfills, instead of
being recycled.
4. It takes thousand of years for a plastic to
biodegrade, and the degrading process
emits toxic chemicals into the air.
5. Alter the properties of certain contents
because of the chemical reaction that
appear in time between the artificial
structure of the plastic and the content of
the product.
89
Advantages of Glass Containers
1. quality of the material
2. glass has the purity of structure that makes any
interaction of the stored product impossible.
3.greater advantage of preserving a certain
temperature for a longer period of time
4. glass bottles do not affect the structure of the
environment by their chemical composition.
5. can protect the product from air , moisture and
light.
90
Disadvantages of glass containers
1. it is fragile, glass fragments can be released
into the product during transport and upon
opening
2. it is expensive when compared to the plastic
3. it is heavy resulting in increased transport
costs
4. certain type of glass release alkali into the
container contents
91
the annealing operation
Bottle Spacer
Squeeze Tester
Bore Gauger
Check Detector
Wall Thickness Detector
Hydraulic Pressure Tester
Visual Check
Impact strength
92
is measured on-line and each
bottle is tested individually. The object of the
test is to pass the bottle through 2 vertical
plates/pads, which squeeze/stress the bottle to a pre-determined level. Any bottle, which can not tolerate the predetermined stress level will break and is then discarded/recycled
Impact strength
93
Bottles are passed in front of a
viewing screen as a final inspection.
Visual Check
94
A test carried out
on bottles which will be filled with
carbonated beverages and gauges the internal
pressure of every bottle before it is packed.
Hydraulic Pressure Tester
95
This test uses
dielectric properties of the glass, the wall
thickness can be determined by means of a
sensitive head which traverses the body
section of the container. A trace of the wall
thickness is then obtained and bottles falling
below a specified minimum will be
automatically rejected
Wall Thickness Detector
96
Focuses a beam of light onto areas of the container where defects are known to
occur from previous visual examinations, any crack will reflect the light to a detector, which will trigger a mechanism to reject the bottle.
Check Detector
97
The internal and external diameter
at the neck finish entrance to the bottle and the
bottle height are measured. Bottles outside
specification are automatically rejected by means
of a pusher positioned downstream from the
gauger.
Bore Gauger
98
This machine is pre-set to create a
space between the bottles on the conveyer to avoid bottle to bottle contact
Bottle Spacer
99
Each bottle is passed between discs that exert a force to the body of the
container. Any obvious weakness or crack in the bottle will cause it to fail completely with the resulting cullet being collected by a return conveyor running underneath.
Squeeze Tester
100
A glass is compose of ?
Silica + sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and basic in nature
101
Type I glass compose of what kind of Boron?
Boron Trioxide
102
What is the function of the Boron Trioxide type 1 glass
decrease coefficient of expansion
have high level of hydrolytic resistance
103
has a resistance to extreme weather is a term called ?
hydrolytic resistance
104
Type III glass is composed of ?
soda lime = Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2)
105
Type II glass is composed of ?
soda lime (Type III) +ammonium sulfate (inside) --> high Hydrolytic resistance
106
what type of glass those water attack test is do determine?
TYPE II glass
107
Type IV glass characteristic?
lowest Hydrolytic resistance
