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PHAN2 LAB > PACKAGING MATERIAL INSPECTION AND : PM Inspection: Closures, Bottle Finish and Bottle Defects > Flashcards

PACKAGING MATERIAL INSPECTION AND : PM Inspection: Closures, Bottle Finish and Bottle Defects Flashcards

1
Q

the packaging system sum of packaging
components and materials that together
contain and protect the article

A

PACKAGING SYSTEM

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2
Q

any single part of the Package or Container– closure system

A

PACKAGING COMPONENT

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3
Q

a packaging component that is in direct
contact with or may come into direct
contact with the article

A

PRIMARY PACKAGING

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4
Q

a packaging component that is in direct
contact with a primary packaging
component and may provide additional
protection for the article.

A

SECONDARY PACKAGING

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5
Q

a packaging component that is in direct
contact with a Secondary packaging
component and may provide additional
protection for the article during
transportation and/or storage.

A

TERTIARY PACKAGING

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6
Q

receptacle that holds an intermediate
compound, API, excipient, or dosage form, and is in direct contact with the article.

A

CONTAINER

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7
Q

a material that seals an otherwise open
space of a Container and provides
protection for the contents. It also provides
access to the contents of the container.

A

CLOSURE

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8
Q

Highly resistant borosilicate glass

A

Type I

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9
Q

Treated Soda lime glass

A

Type II

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10
Q

Soda lime glass

A

Type III

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11
Q

General purpose soda lime glass

A

Type IV

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12
Q
  1. Draw and identify the different bottle
    finishes and identify appropriate closure
    for each type
  2. Using the same samples, inspect the
    units for presence of any defect.
  3. Describe each defect and group them
    accordingly
A

INSPECTION

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13
Q
  1. using a vernier caliper, measure the
    length and width of the 10 samples.
  2. Compute for the mean length and mean
    width.
  3. Record the fill volume of the 10 samples. Get the mean volume.
  4. Record the weight of the 10 samples. Get the mean weight.
A

DIMENSION

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14
Q

1.Fill 10 container to 90% of its overflow
capacity with distilled water

2.Place the containers in the autoclave set
at 121° +/- 2.0 for 60 minutes

3.Empty the content measuring to 100mL
in volume into a conical flask

  1. Add 2 drops of Methyl red TS
  2. Titrate, while warm, with 0.020 N
    sulfuric acid (Completing the titration
    within 60 minutes after opening the
    autoclave). Record the volume
  3. Perform blank test using 100 ml of
    distilled water.
  4. Classify the type of container used and
    compare the results on the given
    specifications
A

WATER ATTACK TEST

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15
Q
  1. Select 10 containers of uniform size and type, clean the sealing surface.
  2. Close and open each container 30 times. Apply the closure firmly and uniformly each time the container is closed.
  3. Add desiccant to eight of the containers, designated as test containers, filling to within 13 mm of the closure if the container volume is 20 ml or more, or filing each to two thirds of capacity if the container volume is less than 20 ml.
  4. Close each container immediately after
    adding the desiccant
  5. To each of the two remaining
    containers, designated as controls, add
    sufficient glass
    beads to attain a weight approximately
    equal to that of the test containers.
  6. Record the weight of the prepared
    individual containers
  7. Store in a container with relative humidity of 75±3% relative humidity that is achieved by a saturated system of 35 grams of sodium chloride with each 100 ml of water placed in the bottom of a dessicator
  8. After 14 days, record the weight of the
    individual containers in the same manner
  9. Completely fill 5 containers of the same size and type as the containers under test with water
A

MOISTURE PERMEATION

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16
Q

______are an integral part of the
formulation of a product.

A

Containers

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17
Q

Two types pf containers

A
  • Glass containers
  • Plastic containers
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18
Q

This is the very top section of bottle
and it is made to seal with a cap.

A

Finish

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19
Q

This is the section from the ring seam
down to where the form curve makes a wide
bend at the base of neck.

A

Neck

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20
Q

Section that widens out up to the
straight form of the body

A

Shoulder

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21
Q

The largest part. Section were the
contents go in. Product label should be placed in this part.

A

Body

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22
Q

The flat section that enable it to
stand upright

A

Bottom

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23
Q

The curve part down from the
bottom plate seam to where the flat bottom
starts is specially named _______.

A

Heel

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24
Q

There are many factors to consider when
selecting a closure for container:

A
  • How the product should be dispensed
  • Packaging requires extra protection
  • Overall style
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25
Q

It is important that your cap properly fits the
bottle or jar ______ in order to obtain a
proper seal.

A

neck finish

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26
Q

Choosing a _____ is an important part of the
cap selection process

A

Liner

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27
Q

Cap types: Non-dispensing

A

Threaded Caps
Lug Caps
Child Resistant Caps (“CRC”)
Snap Caps
Induction Lined Caps
Tapered Corks
Brush Caps
Black Phenolic Ball Rod Caps

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28
Q

Cap types: Dispensing

A

Pumps
Sprayers
Disc Top Caps
Orifice Reducer
Twist Top Caps
Flip Top Spout Caps
Glass Dropper Caps

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29
Q

The interior of a ____ has
uninterrupted spiraling threads meant to
match with the neck finish of a compatible
container.

A

Threaded Caps

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30
Q

_____are compatible with ____-finish
containers, which have non-continuous
threads.

A

Lug Caps

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31
Q

To remove a _____, the user must push
down on the cap while simultaneously turning it clockwise.

A

Child Resistant Caps (“CRC”)

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32
Q

A closure held in place by a bead (a depressed
or raised circle or ring around a container or
closure) rather than a thread.

A

Snap Caps

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33
Q

have several layers:
pulpboard, wax, foil, and a polymer coating.

A

Induction Lined Caps

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34
Q

stoppers are made from a
single piece of_____ material and gradually
decrease in diameter from top to bottom.

A

Tapered Corks

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35
Q

consists of a screw cap with a
plastic rod attached to the inside.

A

Brush Caps

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36
Q

have a PE plastic
rod attached on the inside.

A

Black Phenolic Ball Rod Caps

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37
Q

allow the user to dispense an equal
amount of high viscosity product with each
stroke.

A

Pumps

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38
Q

allow the user to mist an equal
amount of low viscosity product with each
pump

A

Sprayers

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39
Q

allow the user to dispense
product without having to remove the cap.

A

Disc Top Caps

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40
Q

limit the amount of product
dispensed by making a bottle’s opening
smaller.

A

Orifice Reducer

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41
Q

, simply turn the
upper part of the cap counterclockwise to
expose the orifice.

A

Twist Top Caps

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42
Q

When the spout is flipped down, flush with
the top of the cap, the dispensing orifice is
closed to help prevent leakage.

A

Flip Top Spout Caps

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43
Q

These closures consist of a plastic screw cap
with a round hole in the top to accommodate a rubber bulb.

A

Glass Dropper Caps

44
Q

_____reduce the orifice size of
squeezable bottles by dispensing contents
through a cone shaped spout.

A

Yorker Spout Caps

45
Q

have several orifices to dispense dry
products.

A

Sifter Caps & Inserts

46
Q

a small dispensing
orifice and an attached hinged lid to reduce
the possibility of leakage.

A

Snap Top Caps

47
Q

A dropper tip plug fits into a bottle’s opening reducing the size of the orifice.

A

Dropper Caps & Plugs

48
Q

is comprised of a
threaded ribbed polypropylene base and a PE plastic spout.

A

Push / Pull Caps

49
Q

as a failure to conform to
specifications and the unit, which contains
the defect is referred to as defective

maybe classified according to its
measurability, seriousness and nature

A

Defects

50
Q

Defects are classified according to
severity

A

Critical
Major
Minor

51
Q

that are hazardous to the user
and those that make the container completely
unusable

A

Critical

52
Q

those that materially reduce the
usability of the container or its contents

A

Major

53
Q

those that do not affect the usability of
the container, but detract from its appearance or acceptability to the customer.

A

Minor

54
Q

Critical Defects in Glass Bottles or
Containers

A

Stuck Plug
Overpress
Split
Check
Freaks
Poor Distribution
Soft Blister
Choked Bore
Cracks.
Pinhole.
Filament
Bird Swing.

55
Q

Major Defects Commonly
Found in Glass Containers

A

Chipped Finish
Stone
Rocker Bottom
Flanged Bottom
Sunker Shoulder
Tear
Washboard

56
Q

Minor Defects Commonly
Found in Glass Containers

A

Hard Blister
Dirt
Heel Tap
Mark
Wavy bottle
Seeds
Neck ring seam

57
Q

A piece of glass, usually very sharp, projecting inwards just inside the neck bore

A

Stuck Plug

58
Q

is a defect where a small ridge of glass has been formed on the sealing surface of the finish

A

Overpress

59
Q

An open crack starting at the top of the finish and extending downward

A

Split

60
Q

A small, shallow surface crack, usually at the bore of the container

A

Check

61
Q

Odd shapes and conditions that render the container completely unusable. Bent or cocked necks are a common defect of this type.

A

Freaks

62
Q

Thin shoulder, slug neck,
choke neck, heavy bottom are terms used to
describe the uneven distribution of glass

A

Poor Distribution

63
Q

A thin blister, usually found on or
near the sealing surface. It can however show
up anywhere on the glass container.

A

Soft Blister

64
Q

Here excess of glass has been
distributed to the inside of the finish or
opening

A

Choked Bore

65
Q

Partial fractures, usually found in the
heel area

A

Cracks

66
Q

Any opening causing leakage. It occurs
most often in bottles with pointed corners.

A

Pinhole

67
Q

A hair-like string inside the bottle

A

Filament

68
Q

are glass projections inside the
bottle.

A

Spike

69
Q

Is a glass thread joining the two
walls of the container

A

Bird Swing

70
Q

Pieces broken out of the top
edge in the manufacturing process.

A

Chipped Finish.

71
Q

Small inclusion of any non-glass
material

A

Stone

72
Q

A sunken centre portion on
in base of the container

A

Rocker Bottom

73
Q

A rim of glass around the
bottom at the parting line

A

Flanged Bottom

74
Q

Not fully blown, or sagged
after blowing

A

Sunker Shoulder

75
Q

Similar to a check, but opened up. A tear
will not break when tapped, a check will.

A

Tear

76
Q

A wavy condition of horizontal
lines in the body of the bottle.

A

Washboard

77
Q

A deeply embedded blister that
is not easily broken.

A

Hard Blister

78
Q

Scaly or granular nonglass material.

A

Dirt

79
Q

A manufacturing defect where
excess glass has been distributed into the heel

A

Heel Tap

80
Q

A brush mark is composed of fine
vertical laps, e.g. oil marks from moulds.

A

Mark

81
Q

A wavy surface on the inside of
the bottle

A

Wavy bottle

82
Q

Small bubbles in the glass

A

Seeds

83
Q

A bulge at the parting line
between the neck and the body.

A

Neck ring seam

84
Q

Give the significance of using the appropriate
closure and having different designs for bottle finish.

A

-Any closure / cap should provide an
effective seal to retain the container
contents and exclude external
contaminants.

-The style /design of the bottle will
somehow affect the marketing of the
product

85
Q
  • moment or moment of force, the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
A

Torque

86
Q

an instrument used to measure the
circular force applied to loosen a cap.

A

Torque tester

87
Q

Adv. Of Plastic bottles:

A
  1. cheap
  2. convenient
  3. lightweight
  4. shatterproof
  5. recyclable
88
Q

Disadvantages of Plastic:

A
  1. not safe for hot liquids/ for use in
    dishwashers and in microwaves
  2. Some tougher, reusable plastic bottles
    may contain Bisphenol A, a polycarbonate
    believed to cause cancer.
  3. Many of it end up in landfills, instead of
    being recycled.
  4. It takes thousand of years for a plastic to
    biodegrade, and the degrading process
    emits toxic chemicals into the air.
  5. Alter the properties of certain contents
    because of the chemical reaction that
    appear in time between the artificial
    structure of the plastic and the content of
    the product.
89
Q

Advantages of Glass Containers

A
  1. quality of the material
  2. glass has the purity of structure that makes any
    interaction of the stored product impossible.
    3.greater advantage of preserving a certain
    temperature for a longer period of time
  3. glass bottles do not affect the structure of the
    environment by their chemical composition.
  4. can protect the product from air , moisture and
    light.
90
Q

Disadvantages of glass containers

A
  1. it is fragile, glass fragments can be released
    into the product during transport and upon
    opening
  2. it is expensive when compared to the plastic
  3. it is heavy resulting in increased transport
    costs
  4. certain type of glass release alkali into the
    container contents
91
Q

the annealing operation

A

Bottle Spacer
Squeeze Tester
Bore Gauger
Check Detector
Wall Thickness Detector
Hydraulic Pressure Tester
Visual Check
Impact strength

92
Q

is measured on-line and each
bottle is tested individually. The object of the
test is to pass the bottle through 2 vertical
plates/pads, which squeeze/stress the bottle to a pre-determined level. Any bottle, which can not tolerate the predetermined stress level will break and is then discarded/recycled

A

Impact strength

93
Q

Bottles are passed in front of a
viewing screen as a final inspection.

A

Visual Check

94
Q

A test carried out
on bottles which will be filled with
carbonated beverages and gauges the internal
pressure of every bottle before it is packed.

A

Hydraulic Pressure Tester

95
Q

This test uses
dielectric properties of the glass, the wall
thickness can be determined by means of a
sensitive head which traverses the body
section of the container. A trace of the wall
thickness is then obtained and bottles falling
below a specified minimum will be
automatically rejected

A

Wall Thickness Detector

96
Q

Focuses a beam of light onto areas of the container where defects are known to
occur from previous visual examinations, any crack will reflect the light to a detector, which will trigger a mechanism to reject the bottle.

A

Check Detector

97
Q

The internal and external diameter
at the neck finish entrance to the bottle and the
bottle height are measured. Bottles outside
specification are automatically rejected by means
of a pusher positioned downstream from the
gauger.

A

Bore Gauger

98
Q

This machine is pre-set to create a
space between the bottles on the conveyer to avoid bottle to bottle contact

A

Bottle Spacer

99
Q

Each bottle is passed between discs that exert a force to the body of the
container. Any obvious weakness or crack in the bottle will cause it to fail completely with the resulting cullet being collected by a return conveyor running underneath.

A

Squeeze Tester

100
Q

A glass is compose of ?

A

Silica + sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and basic in nature

101
Q

Type I glass compose of what kind of Boron?

A

Boron Trioxide

102
Q

What is the function of the Boron Trioxide type 1 glass

A

decrease coefficient of expansion
have high level of hydrolytic resistance

103
Q

has a resistance to extreme weather is a term called ?

A

hydrolytic resistance

104
Q

Type III glass is composed of ?

A

soda lime = Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2)

105
Q

Type II glass is composed of ?

A

soda lime (Type III) +ammonium sulfate (inside) –> high Hydrolytic resistance

106
Q

what type of glass those water attack test is do determine?

A

TYPE II glass

107
Q

Type IV glass characteristic?

A

lowest Hydrolytic resistance

PHAN2 LAB (2 decks)

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