Midterm: Liquid Dosage Form

Question 1

• Ease of administration
• Immediate availability for absorption
– It is more rapidly and efficiently
absorbed, compared to tablets or
capsules.

Answer 1

Advantages of liquid dosage form

Question 2

• Technical problems (instability)
• Special techniques required for
poorly soluble drugs.
• Requires pharmaceutical elegance
with regards to taste, appearance
and viscosity.

Answer 2

Disadvantages of liquid dosage form

Question 3

Instability as a technical problem may be caused by the following conditions :

Answer 3

1. pH
2. Temperature
3. Concentration of the Reactants
4. Light or Radiation
5. Packaging Components

Question 4

Factors that affect Light/Radiation:

Answer 4

a. intensity of the wavelength of light
b. size of the container
c. shape of the container

Question 5

– light transmission above 300 nm.

Answer 5

Flint/ Colorless glass container

Question 6

– light transmission above 470 nm

Answer 6

Amber/ Light resistant glass container

Question 7

Container Components

Answer 7

• Glass
• Plastic
• Metal
• Rubber

Question 8

Glass Containers
• it has been the container of
choice, because of the following
reasons:

Answer 8

1. Resistance to decomposition by
   atmospheric conditions
2. Resistance to decomposition by
   solid or liquid contents of varying
   composition.

Question 9

Glass Containers
• it has been the container of
choice, because of the following
reasons:

Answer 9

3. By modifying the chemical
   composition of glass, it may be
   possible to adjust the:
   ⮚ chemical behavior of the glass
   ⮚ radiation properties of the
   glass

Question 10

And, these can be accomplished by: modification of chemical component of glass

Answer 10

1. decreasing the soda content in
   the glass
2. replacing Sodium oxide with
   other oxides to overcome the
   undesirable property of glass.

Question 11

Glass has two (2) principal faults or
undesirable properties:

Answer 11

1. Release alkali to liquids stored in
   the glass container.
2. Releases insoluble flakes

Question 12

Classification of glass used in packaging pharmaceuticals depend upon:

Answer 12

1. chemical constituents
2. ability to resist deterioration

Question 13

generally suitable for all parenterals
– Constituent: SiO2 + B2O3
– Description: Highly Resistant
Borosilicate Glass

Answer 13

Type I

Question 14

– treated with sulfur dioxide; suitable for
parenterals solutions, which is buffered;
has a pH below 7; not reactive with the
glass
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
–SO2 Treatment
– Description: Treated Soda Lime Glass

Answer 14

Type II

Question 15

– suitable for anhydrous parenterals
liquids or dry substances
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
– Description: Soda lime Glass for Dry Products

Answer 15

Type III

Question 16

– not for parenterals use; suitable only for
tablets, capsules, suspensions,
ointments and extractives.
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
– Description: General Purpose Soda lime Glass

Answer 16

Type IV

Question 17

Test for Glass Containers:

Answer 17

Powdered Glass Test
Water Attack test

Question 18

Test for Glass Containers:
–Performed on ground or powdered glass
to expose internal surface
–Tests the leaching potential of the glass
–Alkali treated with 0.02 N sulfuric acid
(acidimetry)

Answer 18

Powdered Glass Test

Question 19

Test for Glass Containers:

–Exposure of the glass with sulfur dioxide
at 121°C
–Specifically performed with TYPE II
GLASS.

Answer 19

Water Attack Test

Question 20

Plastic Containers
• These are high molecular weight
polymers, such as:

Answer 20

Polyethylene
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyethylene terephthalate

Question 21

Plastic Containers
• These are high molecular weight
polymers, that can be used for autoclavable

Answer 21

Polypropylene

Question 22

• Cannot be autoclaved
• Low density = droppers and sprays
• High density = solid oral preparations

Answer 22

Polyethylene

Question 23

• Rigid and has good clarity
• Used for blister packaging
• CARCINOGENIC

Answer 23

Polyvinyl chloride

Question 24

• For beverages
• Have transparency and luster
• Gamma radiation sterilization

Answer 24

Polyethylene terephthalate

Question 25

Disperse systems having a
consistency of a soft paste, gel,
cream, or ointment can be
conveniently packed into “collapsible
tubes”, which are commonly made of:

Answer 25

a. Tin
b. plastic coated tin
c. tin coated lead
d. Aluminum
e. plastic coated aluminum

Question 26

• Disperse systems having a
consistency of a soft paste, gel,
cream, or ointment can be
conveniently packed into “collapsible
tubes”,
• designed to release pressurized
contents
• it may contain toxic metals
• “container may explode if heated”

Answer 26

Metal Containers

Question 27

Rubber of varying composition is
used in pharmaceuticals and
biologicals as:

Answer 27

⮚stoppers
⮚cap liners
⮚parts of dropper assemblies
⮚components of drip sets/ infusion sets

Question 28

Problems encountered in the use
of rubber closures:

Answer 28

• Absorption of the active
ingredient, preservative or other
component or leaching
• The extraction of one or more
components of the rubber closure
into the solution.