Midterm: Liquid Dosage Form Flashcards
• Ease of administration
• Immediate availability for absorption
– It is more rapidly and efficiently
absorbed, compared to tablets or
capsules.
Advantages of liquid dosage form
• Technical problems (instability)
• Special techniques required for
poorly soluble drugs.
• Requires pharmaceutical elegance
with regards to taste, appearance
and viscosity.
Disadvantages of liquid dosage form
Instability as a technical problem may be caused by the following conditions :
- pH
- Temperature
- Concentration of the Reactants
- Light or Radiation
- Packaging Components
Factors that affect Light/Radiation:
a. intensity of the wavelength of light
b. size of the container
c. shape of the container
– light transmission above 300 nm.
Flint/ Colorless glass container
– light transmission above 470 nm
Amber/ Light resistant glass container
Container Components
• Glass
• Plastic
• Metal
• Rubber
Glass Containers
• it has been the container of
choice, because of the following
reasons:
- Resistance to decomposition by
atmospheric conditions - Resistance to decomposition by
solid or liquid contents of varying
composition.
Glass Containers
• it has been the container of
choice, because of the following
reasons:
- By modifying the chemical
composition of glass, it may be
possible to adjust the:
⮚ chemical behavior of the glass
⮚ radiation properties of the
glass
And, these can be accomplished by: modification of chemical component of glass
- decreasing the soda content in
the glass - replacing Sodium oxide with
other oxides to overcome the
undesirable property of glass.
Glass has two (2) principal faults or
undesirable properties:
- Release alkali to liquids stored in
the glass container. - Releases insoluble flakes
Classification of glass used in packaging pharmaceuticals depend upon:
- chemical constituents
- ability to resist deterioration
generally suitable for all parenterals
– Constituent: SiO2 + B2O3
– Description: Highly Resistant
Borosilicate Glass
Type I
– treated with sulfur dioxide; suitable for
parenterals solutions, which is buffered;
has a pH below 7; not reactive with the
glass
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
–SO2 Treatment
– Description: Treated Soda Lime Glass
Type II
– suitable for anhydrous parenterals
liquids or dry substances
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
– Description: Soda lime Glass for Dry Products
Type III
– not for parenterals use; suitable only for
tablets, capsules, suspensions,
ointments and extractives.
– Constituent: Na2O + CaO
– Description: General Purpose Soda lime Glass
Type IV
Test for Glass Containers:
Powdered Glass Test
Water Attack test
Test for Glass Containers:
–Performed on ground or powdered glass
to expose internal surface
–Tests the leaching potential of the glass
–Alkali treated with 0.02 N sulfuric acid
(acidimetry)
Powdered Glass Test
Test for Glass Containers:
–Exposure of the glass with sulfur dioxide
at 121°C
–Specifically performed with TYPE II
GLASS.
Water Attack Test
Plastic Containers
• These are high molecular weight
polymers, such as:
Polyethylene
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyethylene terephthalate
Plastic Containers
• These are high molecular weight
polymers, that can be used for autoclavable
Polypropylene
• Cannot be autoclaved
• Low density = droppers and sprays
• High density = solid oral preparations
Polyethylene
• Rigid and has good clarity
• Used for blister packaging
• CARCINOGENIC
Polyvinyl chloride
• For beverages
• Have transparency and luster
• Gamma radiation sterilization
Polyethylene terephthalate
