Packaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of handling container sizes?

A
consumer unit (0.25-10lbs)
shipping containers (up to 100lbs)
bulk (up to 1000lbs)
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2
Q

Why are containers important in storage/transport? (2)

A

less cost/time

maximize space utilization

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3
Q

what are the measurements of a standard pallet?

A

100x120cm

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4
Q

What are common sizes of shipping containers? which size(s) maximizes pallet space?
These sizes are suggested by:

A

40x30cm
50x30cm (best)
50x40cm (best)
60x40cm

OECD (organization of economic cooperation & development)

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5
Q

Why do some container sizes leave space between when stacked on pallet?

A

good for cold storage, allow for air circulation

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6
Q

4 types of mechanical injury to produce:

A

cut
compression
impact
vibration

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7
Q

What could cause cut/punctures, and why is this an issue?

A

nails, sharp/rough edges puncture produce skin
(harvest/transport)
damage quality, microbial spoilage, discolored

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8
Q

What is compression damage? What causes compression damage?

A

squeezing produce

due to weight, stacking
overstacking, overfilling, underfilling

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9
Q

Why could underfilling lead to compression damage?

A

lead to package collapse

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10
Q

What causes impact injury?

A

sudden force: dropping, dropping objects on top, jerky movements (bumping)

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11
Q

vibration or abrasion is caused by _____ and is common during _____.

A

produce rubbing against each other or container surface

transport

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12
Q

What can be done to prevent movement of stacked packages during transport? Why is this important?

A

shrouding (cover with plastic)

keep stack neat, prevent toppling and package collapse, damage to produce

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13
Q

What are some consequences of mechanical injury? (7)

A
discoloration (inside/out)
appearance quality loss
lowered market value
spread of infection
increased respiration
chemical/enzymatic activity increase
accelerated spoilage
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14
Q

Ways to prevent/control mechanical injuries: (10)

A
good handling practices
CUTS:
smooth container/equipment
COMPRESSION:
correct filling weight (prevent over/underfilling)
proper container strength (withstand weight)
proper container material (moisture resistant)
IMPACT:
reduce drop height
cushion
individual wrappings
VIBRATION:
restrain to prevent movement
partitions/wrappings
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15
Q

Why is packaging important for produce?

A
  1. act as handling unit
  2. protect from damage
  3. prevent moisture loss
  4. sanitation
  5. allows for various treatments (cooling, fumigation, ethylene, etc)
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16
Q

what types of packaging minimizes moisture loss?

A

plastic, box liners, wax coatings, water resistant materials

17
Q

Why are packages/produce sometimes sprinkled with water?

A

appearance of freshness
higher humidity
cooling

18
Q

What is quarantine treatment?

A

fumigation of produce (especially before shipping internationally) to prevent pests from invading

19
Q

What feature of packaging is important to allow for produce treatments? What must be considered?

A

large container vents: allow for penetration (but weaker package)
strength vs effectiveness

20
Q

What are other lesser functions of packaging?

A

prevent stealing
marketing tool
consumer communication/identification
product promotion, branding

21
Q

3 classifications of containers:

A

field/harvesting
bulk/shipping/storage
retail/consumer

22
Q

What are various types of field containers?

A

bags, boxes, baskets/bucket/pails, bins, crates, consumer packs (directly)

23
Q

most common container type is: ____.

selected based on:

A

shipping containers

functional basis

24
Q

main issue with wooden shipping containers:

A

rough materials (nails, wood) -> can cause injury

25
Q

4 materials for shipping containers:

A

wood
corrugated paperboard
mesh & multiwall paperbags
plastic

26
Q

advantages/disadvantages for paperboard packages:

A

good: lightweight, low cost, minimal injury (smooth), can coat for moisture resistance
bad: low strength/stackability (can improve with internal dividers)

27
Q

advantages of consumer packaging:

A
less shipping weght
better presentation
branding/promotion
fast checkout (bar codes)
less wastage/spoilage
28
Q

types of consumer packaging:

A
film bags (cellophane, PE, PVC, PS, PP, shrink film)
backings
composite
boxes
bags
29
Q

___ and ___ plastic packaging has excellent clarity

A

PVC, PS

30
Q

What plastic packaging must have perforations? Why?

A

cellophane, PE, PP

poor gas barriers

31
Q

functional requirements of produce packaging:

A
  1. strength for transport, storage, stacking
  2. resistance to moisture
  3. offer protection/prevent moisture loss, block light (certain types
  4. meet standardized requirements for size/weight
  5. allow for produce processing (fumigation, cooling, etc)