Package 6

Question 1

Formal charge equation

Answer 1

Valence - (1/2 (BE) + NBE)

Question 2

Low formal charge means

Answer 2

Less charge transfer has taken place in forming a structure, most stable

Question 3

Sigma bond

Answer 3

When 2 atomic orbitals overdo end to end along the bond axis
Forms a single covalent bond

Question 4

Pi bond

Answer 4

2 p orbitals overlap sideways
Weaker than sigma bonds because electron density is further away from the positive charge of the nucleus

Question 5

Bonds in single double and triple bonds

Answer 5

Single: Sigma
Double: Sigma, Pi
Triple: Sigma, Pi, Pi

Question 6

Excitation of atoms in carbon

Answer 6

Has 2 lone pairs in the 2p orbital
An electron from 2s is excited and creates 4 lone electrons

Question 7

Hybridization

Answer 7

Since we cant have uneven energy levels in carbon (3 2p and 1 2s) the orbitals mixed and form hybrid atomic orbitals to create the same energy level