package 4 and 5 Flashcards
4 factors contributing to hypersensitivity
- loss of gingiva
- loss of cementum
- loss of enamel
- other dental factora
recession
peeling back of gums possibly uncovering the root surface, uncovering the dentinal tubules
6 causes of gingival recession
- periodontal infection
- instrumentation
- periodontal surgery
- resto procedures and oral surgery
- ortho treatment
- patient self care
what is the first fiber lost during periodontitis
collagen
what systemic conditions can periodontal disease cause
cardiovascular disease
diabetes mellitus
respiratory disease
loss of cementum
thickness is less than 0.5 mm and denton is exposed
cause of loss of cementum
treatment procedures
self care
root caries
loss of enamel
loss of protective area on the teeth dentin can be exposed
cause of loss of enamel
attrition
abrasion
erosion
abfraction
abfraction
loss of tooth structure by flexural forces at the CEJ
smear layer
a layer present on the exposed dentinal surfaces after instrumentation that attaches to the underlying surface in a manner that prevents the layer from being rinsed off or readily washed away
erosion can occur from..
exposure to stomach acid
dietary erosion from sources of excess acid
exposure to acidic industrial aerosols
5 types of tooth pain
- tactile (mechanical)
- chemical
- thermal
- osmotic flow in dental tubules
- bacteria
other dental factors that can cause hypersensitivity
actual pulpal pain or chronic pulpitis
acute pulpal pain feeling
constant and severe pain
dentinal hypersensitivity feeling
sharp brief localized pain usually for a short period of time
chronic pulpitis feeling
reaccuring episodes of pain
2 factors contributing to gradual lessening of sensitivity
formation of reparative dentin
deposition of minerals at the opening of the dentinal tubules
4 qualities of a good desensitizing agent
- provides surface coating over tubule entrance
- provides intratubular mineralization
- provides irritation to form secondary dentin
- provides interruption of nerve transmission
2 most common desensitizing agents
fluorides
metallic salts
fluoride as a desensitizing agent
found to be effective include sodium or stannous fluoride in solution varnish or gel forms
7 characteristics of an acceptable desensitizing agent
rapid action
ease of application
biologic acceptance by body tissues
long lasting effects
no side effects
no pain for application
consistent effectiveness
3 ways if patient self care to help sensitivity
bacterial plaque control
self applied fluoride
good diet
metallic salts as a desensitizing agent
crystallize and creates a precipitate on the tooth surface that occludes the dentinal tubules
agents in metallic salts
strontium chloride
potassium oxalate
ferric oxalate
3 factors to teach your patient
causes of gingival recession
cause of hypersensitivity of teeth
importance of correct technique for oral self care
dentifrice
used for OTH desensitizing agents when mixed with fluoride
3 other methods of desensitizing agents
sodium fluoride desensitizing paste
dental laser
hypnosis
3 types of PLACEMENT methods for desensitizing agents
varnish
bonding adhesives
resins
6 main nutrients
carbohydrates
proteins
fats (lipid)
vitamins
minerals
water
study of nutrition
includes all the processes involved in the selection, intake, and utilization of nutrients
nutrients
the components in food that supply the elements necessary to meet the bodies requirements for energy, growth, maintenance and repair
carbohydrates
usually come from fruits, veggies, legumes and grains
is the chief source of energy and bulk
3 groups of carbohydrates
simple sugars
complex carbohydrates (starches)
dietary fiber (roughage)
what is the carb that supplies the longest lasting energy, why?
complex carbohydrates because they must be broken down
proteins
complex molecules made by genes that give structure to our organs, bones and muscles
what key nutrient is often referred to as the building blocks of tissues
proteins
simple sugars
sugars composed of a single sugar molecule
complex carbohydrates
starches and fibers
linked molecules converted h to sugars for energy release by the body during digestion
fiber (roughage)
the part of the carbohydrate that cannot be digested to produce energy
does help bowel function
make up of proteins
made up of strings of amino acids containing a well balanced mixture of all 8 essential amino acids
lipids
provide concentrated energy and make food taste better, carry certain vitamins and cushion organs while supplying essential fatty acids
cholesterol
is a substance made by the body and consumed in food products that come from animals
how much cholesterol should be limited to each day
250 mg per day
what happens when cholesterol oxidizes
it can damage the arteries
what vitamins can prevent cholesterol oxidizing
vitamins A, C, and E
vitamins
organic compounds that the body needs in very small amounts for normal growth and maintenance of good health to take place
play a metabolic role and release energy from all other key nutrients
water soluble vitamins
vitamin C + B
usually lost in the cooking process
vitamin C deficiency
causes bleeding gums and bruising
how many vitamins have been discovered
13
minerals
components of bones that make them rigid and strong
4 minerals
calcium
phosphorus
potassium
fluoride
what 2 minerals help form and strengthen our teeth
calcium
phosphorus
water
the forgotten nutrient
helps to build tissue, regulate body temp and acts a lubricant for joints and mucous membranes
how much of our body weight is water
2/3
cariogenic food
food that produces or promotes dental decay
non cariogenic food
food that does not produce or promote dental decay
what 5 things must a food label include
- individual serving size
- number of servings per container
- total calories
- calories derived from fat content
- percentage of daily value (% of RDA)
salivary flow 3 methods of protection
physical- cleansing
chemical- calcium, phosphate and fluoride
antibacterial- immunoglobulins
6 healthy habits to maintain health
- eat right
- keep bones strong
- protect immune system
- maintain body weight
- exercise
- drink plenty of pure water
