PACES Flashcards
What is CBT
Based on idea that all thoughts feelings and sensations are interconnected which can cause people to become bogged down on negative thoughts
CBT is used to break these problems down into larger ones which helps state of mind
What is family therapy
Family therapy aims to improve communication and resolve conflicts within relationships
Its like counselling where sit down and therapist will aim to examine your problems and help you sort these together
What is interpersonal therapy
If peoples problems like depression are built from the way they interact with people then these sessions are useful in helping people interact more effectively with other people
Sessions will involve assessing you, what you problems are and what want to get out of it
After that helping people make adjustments and apply these
What is psychoeducation
Takes many forms and involves educating patients about their condition in depth whether that be talking about medications and side effects or living with the condition
What goes into a mental state exam
Appearance and behaviour
Speech
Mood
Thought content
Perception
Congition
Insight
What looking for in appearance and behavior of the patient
Self care
Dress is it appropriate
Mannerism
Movements- including activity
Eye contact
Engagement
What thinking of in speech of patient
Rate
Loudness
Tone
Flow- does it make sense and can you follow it
What is seen in poverty of thought
Very vague and simple speech
Meaningless repetitions and stereotyped phrases
What is seen in pressure of speech
Speak very rapidly and frenzied
Very urgent and erratic
What is a circumstanital thought disorder
When you are talking about something but add lots of details or go off topic but return to the right topic
What is tangeital speech
When answer questions with absolutely nothing related to what was asked
What is thought block often seen in
Schizophrenia as may believe the thoughts have beent taken from them or broadcast
What is thought block
When you are talking about something but then suddenly stop for a few seconds-minutes and may not return to the right topic
What is thought withdrawal
A delusion when thoughts have been taken away from someone- seen with thought block
What is flight of ideas
When someone talks quickly and jumps between ideas erratically
What to think about with regards to mood in MSE
Subjective described mood
Objective affect
- is it variable/restricted
- the intensity
- congruency (does it match with mood)
How to broach mania
You seem so happy, how are you feeling? Is this usual for you?
You seem to have a lot of energy today, is this usual for you?
Sounds like you’ve been incredibly busy recently, do you have time to eat/sleep? How much sleep are you actually getting?
Do you feel special? Better than other people?
Can you do things that other people can’t do? Do you have special powers?
How are you getting on with other people these days?
When doing thought content what are main things to document
What are main themes of patients thoughts
- depressive
- anxious
- obsessions
- overvalued ideas
- delusions
Questions for delusions
Is there anything unusual thats been troubling you?
Have you had any odd experiences you cant explain?
Then once establish if the patient believes them
- why do you think is happening?
- how do you explain whats been happening?
Questions for hallucinations
Do you ever hear people talking when no ones around
Do you hear things that no one else seems to hear
Have you seen anything unusual that no one else can see
What can slurred speech suggest
Major depression
Psychomotor retardation
What is labile affect
When drastic exaggerated change in emotions- schizophrenia
Parts to psych history
PC
HPC- do MSE
PMH
- psych conditions
- admissions
- under MHA
Drugs
- prescribed
- psych
- side effects
- illegal
Forensic
- prior convictions
Family history
- relationships in family
- history of psych illness
Personal
- how was childhood
- job
- relationship
- previous traumatic experiences
- personal beliefs
Difference between flight of ideas and knights move thinking
Flight of ideas- jump quickly between ideas but is a link
Knights move thinking- jump quickly from idea to idea with no link
Difference between tangentiality and circumstantiality
Circumstantiality is giving an answer with excessive detail but you do return to the point
Tangentiality is wandering form topic to topic without returning to it
What is repetition of speech back to someone called and what is it seen in
Echolalia
ADHD and autism
What is word salad
Disorganised sentences which make no sense
What is DBT
Teach patient to accept who they are
Parts of psych history
PC
HPC with MSE
Psych history
Medications
Substance misuse
Family history
Forensic history
Social
Premorbib history
Questions for eating disorder
SCOFF
Do you make yourself sick
Do you think lost control over how much eat
Have you recently lost more than one stone
Do you believe yourself to be fat when others say you are too thin
Would you say food dominates your life
What is psychodynamic psychotherapy
Based on principle that there is an unconscious element to someones presentation, allowing patients to see this can be very alleviating
What are techniques used in psychodynamic therapy
Free association
Transferance
Recognising resistance
What is free association
Ask patient just to say everything that comes to mind
What is transferance
Where one applies all emotions and thoughts they have for someone else to the psychiatrist
What is recognising resistance
Demonstrating to patient things they are doing which is preventing the therapy from carrying on
What does self help refer to in depression
Worksheets online which allow you to understand more about why been feeling way have been, more about depression and ways that making small lifestyle changes may help alleviate feelings
What happens in group CBT for depression
This is a community based therapy method which involves a therapist discussing different strategies with people going through similar things to yourself. Good to have that sense of community and that youre not going through this alone, as sharing same experiences good way of people sharing their methods
What is group based physical activity
This is where people suffering from social isolation are able to partake in a variety of activites ranging from board games to playing football allowing people to get not only physical benefits but mental ones as well
How to deal with functional syndrome
Do physical exam- share results
Explain diagnosis
- functional syndrome where certain psychological events can change the way the brain functions which can present as real life experience symptoms- link to life events
- common and well established condition
Will self resolve if perpetuating factors dealt with- no need for medicine etc
With CAMHS, what think about in social side to management
School- talking to head of year, educational psychologist, welfare officer
Social services- finances, housing etc
What are indications for family therapy in CAMHS
Behavioural disorders
Psychosis
Substance misuse
Eating disorders
Depression
What is topographical memory
In dementia when fail to remember how to orientate yourself to somewhere
What is it when forget names of children and own birthday
Autobiographical memory (explicit memory)
What is procedural memory
Remembering how to do things (implicit memory)
What is semantic memory
Your knowledge like capital cities etc
What is jamais vu
When experience something have many times but think is new
What is an affect illusion
When illusion is altered by your mood
Eg- a frightened person sees a shadow and believes its an intruder
What is a completion illusion
When you misinterpret as have not paid proper attention to it
What hallucinations caused when falling asleep
Hypnopompic
What is it when you see yourself
Autoscopy
What is derailment
Thought disorder where no meaningful connections between what talking about
What is it when repeat last syllable of a word over and over
Logoclonia
What is logoclonia seen in
Parkinsons
What is a rumination
A self identified intrusive thought
When have a thought that identify as not your own but isnt spoken what is it
Delusion
What is when feel less connected to your friends and family
Detatchment
What are night terrors
Different from nightmares- wake up in state of fear and often shouting
What is it when ask a catatonic patient to do something and they do the complete opposite
Negativism
What is systemic therapy
Another word for family therapy
What is risk of suicide after an episode of self harm
1%
What is an example of perseveration
Logoclonia
What are somatic delusions
Where belief relates to own health and body
What are persecutory delusions
Where believe someone trying to harm you
What you like arranging objects in a particular order
Punding
What is punding seen in
Parkinsons
Those taking metanephrine
