pacBio

Question 1

Pacific Biosciences was founded by ________ in the year

Answer 1

Stephen Turner
2004

Question 2

method of DNA sequencing that allows for the direct observation of DNA synthesis by a polymerase

Answer 2

Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT)

Question 3

The origins of PacBio began with Stephen Turner’s research during his Ph.D. at Cornell University

Question 4

The company was originally named ________ and later rebranded as Pacific Biosciences.

Answer 4

Nanofluidics, Inc.

Question 5

What year did PacBio introduce its Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology, which aimed to revolutionize DNA sequencing by reading long DNA sequences in real-time.

Answer 5

2008

Question 6

When was the first product launch by PacBio

Answer 6

2011

Question 7

First Product Launch: The _______, the first commercial sequencing platform using SMRT technology, was launched. It provided longer read lengths and real-time sequencing but faced challenges due to high error rates and cost.

Answer 7

PacBio RS

Question 8

(year)- ___________: An upgraded version of the RS system, offering improved accuracy and throughput, helping the company gain more traction in the sequencing market.

Answer 8

2013
PacBio RS II

Question 9

(year)- Sequel System Launch: PacBio launched the __________, a more compact and cost-effective version of its sequencing platform with increased data output, designed to compete more effectively in the market.

Answer 9

2015
Sequel System

Question 10

(year)- ___________: Introduction of the _________, further improving throughput, accuracy, and reducing the cost per gigabase of sequencing.

Answer 10

2018
Sequel II System

Question 11

2022 - _____ was launched

Answer 11

PacBio Revio system

Question 12

PacBio sequencing often involves creating circular DNA molecules. This circularization allows the DNA polymerase to continuously read the same DNA fragment multiple times, improving the accuracy of the sequence (a process known as “___________”)

Answer 12

consensus sequencing

Question 13

This technology allows for the real-time observation of DNA synthesis at the single-molecule level. The process is carried out using specially designed SMRTbell templates and a unique technology called Zero-Mode Waveguides (ZMWs).

Answer 13

Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing

Question 14

tiny wells that are just large enough to hold a single DNA polymerase molecule and the DNA template. These wells are designed to allow the detection of fluorescent signals emitted during the incorporation of nucleotides.

Answer 14

Zero-Mode Waveguides (ZMWs) Design

Question 15

DNA is first circularized using special loop adapters, creating what is known as a ________

Answer 15

SMRTbell template

Question 16

If ____________ is used, multiple reads of the same molecule are combined to create a highly accurate consensus sequence. In contrast, ______________ mode captures a single, continuous read.

Answer 16

CCS (Circular Consensus Sequencing)
CLR (Continuous Long Read)

Question 17

Advantages of PacBio SMRT Sequencing:

Answer 17

Long Read Lengths
High Consensus Accuracy
Real-Time Sequencing

Question 18

Disadvantages of PacBio SMRT Sequencing

Answer 18

High Error Rates
Requires High Molecular Weight Template
Cost (PacBio Sequel II:$350,000 to $500,000 & PacBio Revio: $700,000; additional costs for reagents, maintenance, and service contracts should also be considered)

Question 19

is a short nucleic acid sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Answer 19

primer

Question 20

is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA or RNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules.

Answer 20

Polymerase

Question 21

are used to circularize the DNA fragment, creating a SMRTbell template, which allows for continuous sequencing of the same DNA molecule.

Answer 21

Adapters

Question 22

is an optical waveguide that guides light energy into a volume that is small in all dimensions compared to the wavelength of the light.

Answer 22

zero-mode waveguide