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Physics > P8.1 - Physics On The Move > Flashcards

P8.1 - Physics On The Move Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the speed measuring system for a 100m sprinter?

How would you also measure the distance and time?

A
  • Electronic timing.
  • Measuring distance - Measuring tape/Trundle wheel.
  • Measuring time - Pressure sensor to start and break laser beam at the end.
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2
Q

What is the speed measuring system for a car on a road?

How would you also measure the distance and time?

A
  • A speed camera
  • Measuring distance - A trundle wheel to find the distance between marks on the road

Measuring time - Time between two photos

Or

  • A speed gun (LIDAR)
  • Measuring distance - Use distance = (Speed x Time taken for a reflection)/2
  • Measuring time - Time between pulses
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3
Q

What is the speed measuring system for a cyclist?

How would you also measure the distance and time?

A
  • A wheel sensor

Measuring distance - Wheel diameter

Ensuring time - A magnetic sensor detects one rotation

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4
Q

What is the speed measuring system of anything?

How would you also measure the distance and time?

A
  • Satellite navigation (satnav)
  • Measuring distance - Comparing the distance to three satellites
  • Measuring time - Electronic timer
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5
Q

What is the typical speed in m/s for a:
A) A person walking
B) A person running
C) A person cycling
D) An Olympian cycling
E) Strong wind
F) A car
G) A train
H) Sound

A

A)1 m/s
B)5 m/s
C)7 m/s
D)20 m/s
E)13 m/s
F)22 m/s
G)56 m/s
H)340 m/s

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6
Q

What is the typical human reaction time?

A

0.2 seconds

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7
Q

What is the thinking distance?

A

The distance that a car travels while the driver reacts to a hazard/ before the breaks are applied )

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8
Q

What factors affect thinking distance?

A
  • Age (Reaction time increases as you get older).
  • Drinking alcohol.
  • Using drugs, as well as some medicines
  • Being tired.
  • Distractions ( such as other people in the car, radio or drinking/ eating )
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9
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance that a car travels while the driver is braking/ after breaks are applied.

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10
Q

How do you calculate stopping distance?

A

Stopping distance = Thinking distance + Braking Distance

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11
Q

What factors effect braking distance?

A

Factors that affect the car such as:

  • The weather, smooth, icy and wet roads
  • Worn tyres
  • Faulty brakes
  • Badly maintained roads
  • Mass of car
  • Speed of car
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12
Q

What is the relationship between stopping distance and speed?

A

Stopping distance increases rapidly with speed.

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13
Q

If speed doubles how does that affect thinking and breaking distance ?

A

Thinking distance - it doubles

Breaking distance - it quadruples ( because the velocity in E = 1/2mv^2

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14
Q

What acceleration does the highway code assume for stopping distance?

A

-6.6m/s

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15
Q

How might a seatbelt injure you when your deceleration (negative acceleration) is very large?

A
  • The seatbelt can cause compression injuries.
  • Your internal organs can be injured because they continue to move inside your body even if your ribs are stopped by the seatbelt.
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16
Q

What happens if the acceleration you experience is about twice the acceleration due to gravity?

A

You feel a force equal to twice your weight, which people sometimes call ‘2g’.

17
Q

Why do seatbelts need to stretch?

A

It increases the time of collision and hence the rate of change of momentum is decreased. This results in a lower force experienced, reducing the risk of injuries.

18
Q

What is the speed equation ?

A

Speed = distance / time

19
Q

What is the force equation involving acceleration ?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

20
Q

What is the acceleration equation ?

A

Acceleration = ( final speed - initial speed ) / time

21
Q

Factors that affect impact of crash ?

A
  • My mass
  • length ( time ) of crash
  • speed / acceleration of car
22
Q

What is it better if a crash is as long as possible?

A

Because force is inversely proportional to time. If it is twice as long then the force is two times smaller.

23
Q

What is the force equation containing time ?

A

Force = ( mass x change in velocity ) / time

24
Q

What factors minimise the effects of crashes ?

A
  • Crumple zones ( increases the time taken for the accident. To happen, more time = reduced force / impact )
  • Seatbelt, prevents person surging forward, hitting the window or seat in front
  • Seat belt spread across the chest, causing the force to be exerted/spread over a wider area ( minimises impact )
  • Seatbelt is slightly elasticated , prolonging the crash, decreasing force
25
Q

What is reaction time measured in?

A

Seconds

26
Q

What is reaction time ?

A

Reaction time is the amount of time it takes for a person to respond to a stimulus

Physics (22 decks)

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