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P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are scaler quantities? + Exmaple

A

Scaler quantities, have a size ( or magnitude ) only
Example : speed of the car was 60 km

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2
Q

What are vector quantities? + example.

A

Vector quantities, have both size ( magnitude ) and direction
Example : the boat sailed 30 km north

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3
Q

Some examples of scalar quantities?

A

Speed and distance

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4
Q

Some examples of vector quantities?

A

Velocity, acceleration and displacement

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5
Q

What is acceleration?

A

An object acceleration is the rate at which its velocity is changing

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6
Q

What unit is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s^2

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7
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

A = (v-u) / t

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8
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

S = d / t

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9
Q

What does the gradient of a distance time graph tell me? How do I work it out?

A

The speed, work it out by diving change in y over change in x

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10
Q

What does the gradient and area under the line tell me in a velocity time graph? How do I work it out?

A

Gradient = acceleration, by dividing change in y over change in x
Area under the line = distance, by timing the two values together ( depends on shape too )

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11
Q

What is the equation for motion?

A

V^2 = u^2 + ( 2 x a x d )

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12
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

KE = half ( 1/2 ) x m x v^2

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13
Q

What is a force?

A

A force is a push or pull

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14
Q

What are forces measured in?

A

Newtons

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15
Q

What are the different types of forces??

A
  • Contact forces
  • Non-contact forces
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16
Q

Name examples of contact forces?

A
  • Friction
  • Tension
  • Drag / air resistance
  • Normal contact force
  • Upthrust
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17
Q

Name examples of non-contact forces?

A
  • Magnetism
  • Weight ( gravity )
  • Electrostatic
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18
Q

Do you know how to draw a free body diagram??

A

Yes

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19
Q

What are the steps injuring a free body diagram?

A
  • Draw the object as a dot
  • draw the forces on the object as arrows to scale as the size of the forces in the direction
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20
Q

How do you calculate the resultant force of two forces at right angles?

A

You use Pythagoras theorem

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21
Q

What are the rules when calculating resultant forces on a free body diagram?

A
  • Forces that act in the same direction are added
  • Forces that act in opposite directions are taken away from each other
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22
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object will stay at rest or move with a steady velocity, unless a resultant force acts on it

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23
Q

What is inertia?

A

Inertia is how hard it is to change the velocity of an object

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24
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

If the forces on an object are balanced, there is no resultant force and we say the object is in equilibrium

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25
Q

What happens when the forces on an object are unbalanced?

A
  • A stationary object starts to move
  • A moving object, changes, speed, or direction
26
Q

What is the equation for force with other values?

A

F = m x a
Force = newtons
Mass = kg
Acceleration = m/s^2

27
Q

Describe the motions at each stage of a skydivers jump in the house he achieves terminal velocity?

A
  • at the start of his jump in the air , air resistance is zero so, he accelerates downwards
  • As his speed increases, his air resistance will increase
  • Eventually the air resistance equals his weight, the forces are balanced, so his speed becomes constant = terminal velocity
  • When he opens his parachute, the air resistance suddenly increases, causing him to slow down
  • Because he is slowing down, his air resistance will decrease
  • Finally, the air resistance balances his weight. The skydiver has now reached a new lower terminal velocity
28
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction

29
Q

When shaving terminal velocity, what is weight and air resistance affected by?

A
  • Weight is affected by mass
  • Air resistance is affected by surface area and speed
30
Q

What is work?

A

When you move something against a resistance force you are doing work

31
Q

Equation for work done?

A

W = f x d
Work done = Joules ( J)
Force = Newtons ( N)
Distance = metres (m)

32
Q

What is momentum and what is it affected by?

A

Momentum is movement, it is affected by:
- Mass: the larger, the mass of the large is the momentum
- Velocity: the faster, the object moves the larger the momentum
- Directions: momentum, candy, positive, or negative depending on direction

33
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

P = m x v
( P ) Momentum = Kgm/s
Mass = Kg
Velocity = m/s

34
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

Momentum is conserved when no external forces act:

Momentum before = momentum after

35
Q

What is an elastic collision?

A

A collision in which no energy is transferred to other stores

36
Q

What is a inelastic collision?

A

A collision in which energy is transferred to other stores

37
Q

Explain circular motion?

A
  • an object, moving any circle, changes direction all the time
  • This means that its velocity is changing ( even if it’s at a steady speed )
  • It is also accelerating ( because of the change in direction)
  • It keeps moving because of the centripetal force acting towards the centre of the circle
38
Q

What is Power?

A

The amount of energy transferred every second

39
Q

Equation for power?

A

P = E / T
Power = Watts ( W )
Energy = Joules ( J )
Time = seconds ( s )

40
Q

What is hooks law? What does it mean?

A

The extension of a spring is proportional to the spring up until the limit of proportionality

  • This means that when you double the force on his bring the extension doubles as well
41
Q

What is the equation for force involving spring constant ?

A

F = K x E
Force = Newtons ( N)
Spring constant = N/m
Extension = m

42
Q

Equation for elastic potential energy?

A

E = half ( 1/2 ) x k x e^2

43
Q

What are some materials that do not stretch proportionally to the force applied to them, do not follow hooks law?

A
  • An elastic band
  • Glass
  • Copper
44
Q

What does a force extension graph look like for an elastic band? Why is it abnormal?

A
  • elastic band stretches a different amount for each newtons of force added it does not follow hooks law
45
Q

What does a force extension graph look like for an glass? Why is it abnormal?

A
  • Glass followers hook slow at first, but it is brittle and breaks easily
46
Q

What does a force extension graph look like for an Copper? Why is it abnormal?

A
  • at first copper seems to follow hooks law. However, soon it’s start stretching even when there is no more force being added
47
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

An area where a mask feels an attractive force, it is measured in N/kg

48
Q

What is the relationship between mass and gravitational fields?

A

Everything that has mass has a gravitational field
For example, the Earth has a strong gravitational field because it has such a large mass

49
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

A

10N/kg

50
Q

What is mass?

A

A measure of how much stuff an object is made of

51
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms

52
Q

What is weight?

A

Wait is the name we give the force due to gravity

53
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons

54
Q

What is the equation for weight?

A

W = m x g
Weight = Newtons ( N )
Mass = kilograms ( kg)
Gravitational field strength (p= N/kg

55
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

E = m x g x h
Energy = Joules ( J )
Mass = kilograms ( kg )
Gravitational potential field strength = N/kg
Height = metres ( m )

56
Q

What is a moment?

A

A moment is the turning affect of a force

57
Q

What are the units of a moment?

A

Nm ( newton metres )

58
Q

What is the equation for moment?

A

M = f x d
Moment = newton metres ( Nm )
Force = newtons ( N )
Distance ( metres )

59
Q

Label the distance-time graph ?

A

Purple = Fast steady speed
Red = returning to point zero
Green = slowing down / decelerating
Orange = speeding up / accelerating

60
Q

Label the velocity- time graph?

A

Red = decelerating
Orange = stationary
Yellow = steady speed / constant speed
Light green = accelerating quickly
Dark green = accelerating slowly

Physics (22 decks)

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