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Physics > P8 - Powering Earth > Flashcards

P8 - Powering Earth Flashcards

1
Q

1 How do you measure speed (class)

A

Timer
Ruler
Measuring
tape
Light gates - £

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2
Q

1 How do you measure speed (outside)

A

Trundle wheel
Speed Gun
Speed camera
- Gatso or ASC
Pressure sensor

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3
Q

1 How do you measure speed (in a vehicle)

A

Magnetic sensor

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4
Q

1 What’s a magnetic sensor

A

Attached magnet to a wheel
Sensor detects passing

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5
Q

1 Speed = Distance / Time

A

Circumference of wheel / time between sensors
=pi2r/s

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6
Q

1 Speed Gun

A

Sends pulses of ultrasound
Receives reflections
Calculates speed from difference in pulse

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7
Q

1 Conversation 1km = ?m
1hr = ?secs
1 mile = ?km

A

1000m
3600 seconds
1.6 km

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8
Q

1 acceleration = ?

A

change in velocity / time

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9
Q

1 13 m/s = ?mph

A

30mph

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10
Q
  1. Where are stopping distances for cars learnt?
A

The highway code

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11
Q

2 what is a stopping distance

A

Thinking distance + Braking distance

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12
Q

2 what is thinking distance

A

travels while reacting (at full speed)

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13
Q

2 what is braking distance

A

travels with braking (deceleration to zero)

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14
Q

2 why is speed a factor

A

more speed = higher distance to stop

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15
Q

2 factors affecting Thinking distance

A

tiredness
alcohol
drugs
mobile phone
(age)
NOT VISIBILITY ISSUES LIKE FOG

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16
Q

2 factors affecting braking distance

A

rain
ice
tyres
brake maintenance

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17
Q

2 thinking distance is ? to speed

A

directly proportional

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18
Q

3 acceleration equation

A

a= v-u/t
f= m x a

19
Q

3 what is newton’s second law

A

a force applied to an object is directly proportional to its rate of change

20
Q

3 small deceleration = ?large deceleration = ?

A

small brakeslarge brakes

21
Q

3 reduce deceleration by ?v will probably be 0 so ?

A

increasing time to stop
a= -u/t

22
Q

3 in cars?

A

seat belts
- spread area
crumple zones
- energy removed
air bags
- spread area helmets on bikes

23
Q

3 all of the safety measure ?

A

increase time to stop
decrease deceleration
decrease force acting on person

24
Q

4 what powers earth?

A

energy sources
national grid
mains electricity

25
Q

4 national grid

A

demand 37%
gas power station 38%
nuclear power station 9%
wind tunnels 30%
biomass 8%
solar 5%
coal 3%
hydroelectric 2%
oil is used for transport
+5% france belgium
-% ireland holland norway

26
Q

4 non renewable

A

limited resources, will run out
fossil fuels
oil
gas
coal
50-100 years
nuclear uranium1000 years

27
Q

4 renewable

A

unlimited resources biomass - grow more

28
Q

4 wave power description
pros cons

A

wave motion pushes air through the turbine. turbine generates electricity. joints move on a sea snake design. renewable. no pollution and fuels. good for remote communities. low maintenance. remote location. ugly. unreliable.

29
Q

4 wind power description
pros con

A

wind turns a turbine. generator in a turbine generates electricity. renewable. no fuels. low maintenance and CO2 - linked to climate change

unreliable. low energy per area used. noise level. ugly. may kill birds.

30
Q

5 what is the national grid

A

our electricity distribution system

31
Q

5 what is ac
what is dc

A

alternation current
direct current

32
Q

5 power =?

A

voltage x current

33
Q

5 what is a step up transformer

what des it reduce

A

increase voltages
reduces current

reduces heat loss in the pylon wires linked to current

34
Q

5 power = ?
only works with what?
squared

A

current ^2 x resistance

alternating current

35
Q

5 what is a step down transformer

A

reduces voltage to homes for safety reasons
so all our appliances can work

36
Q

5 what do transformers use?

A

coils of wire and the process of electro magnetic induction (TRIPLE)

37
Q

5 primary voltage x primary current =?

A

secondary voltage x secondary current

38
Q

5 what is one volt equal too

A

1 joule transferred per coulomb

39
Q

5 what is 1 amp equal too

A

1 coulomb per second

40
Q

6 what are the mains

A

mains voltage
potential difference
230V

alternating voltage
50Hz

41
Q

6 what does a torch or battery powered appliance use

A

direct voltage

42
Q

6 what is the live wire
neutral wire
earth wire

A

live - brown
neutral - blue
earth - green and yellow

43
Q

6 what do the wires do

A

live and neutral make a complete circuit with your appliance

earth is usually connected to the large metal pole outside your house

44
Q

6 what safety is in plugs

A

earth connects to the ground so the current flows through the earth wire and not you
earth wire has less resistance than you
wire inside fuse melts and stops the circuit

case can be made of plastic
this is double insulated and you dont need an earth pin

Physics (6 decks)

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