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GCSE Physics > P8. Forces In Balance > Flashcards

P8. Forces In Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vector?

A

Physical quantitis with size (magnitude) AND direction

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2
Q

What is a scalar?

A

Physical quantities with size (magnitude) but no direction

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3
Q

What is mass and weight?

A

Mass= Amount of matter (does not change)
Weight= force of gravity on mass

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4
Q

Give 4 examples of vector quantities

A
  • Acceleration
  • Force
  • Weight
  • Velocity
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5
Q

Give 4 examples of scalar quantities

A
  • Speed
  • Time
  • Distance
  • Power
  • Energy
  • Mass
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6
Q

What os the difference between distance and displacement?

A

Distance is how far something is whilst taking multiple directions whilst displacement is the distance between a start and end point in a singular direction.

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7
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed is how quickly something moves but not in a certain direction (scaler). Velocity is the speed of something moving in a singular direction (vector).

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8
Q

What does the length of the arrow show in a diagram?

A

Size (magnitude)

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9
Q

What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?

A

Contact forces are forces that require direct physical contact between two objects. Non-contact forces are forces that act on an object without the need for physical contact.

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10
Q

Give three examples for contact forces

A
  • Air resistance
  • Tension
  • Friction
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11
Q

Give three examples for non-contact forces

A
  • Magnetic
  • Electrostatic
  • Gravitational
  • Thrust
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12
Q

What is the Newton’s third law of motion?

A

For every action, there is an equal opposite reaction

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13
Q

What is the definition of friction?

A

Friction is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it

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14
Q

What is thrust?

A

A forwards force

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15
Q

What is the reaction force

A

It stops things from going right through solid objects. When this force acts from your chair it pushes you upwards so that you do not fall through it.

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16
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

The resultant force a singular force on an object that has the same effect as all of the forces acting on the object. You get this when you subtract the smaller force from the larger force acting on the object. For example, if air resistance is 800N snd weight is 800N, the result force will be 0N, causing them to move at a consistent speed.

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17
Q

What is a balanced force?

A

Two forces that have the same size but opposite directions, causing something to move at a constant velocity and direction or remain still; no acceleration or decceleration.
Resultant force: 0N

18
Q

What is an unbalanced force?

A

An unbalanced force is when two forces moving in opposite directions act on a singular object and one of the forces is greater than the other.

19
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

Ahen all forces are balanced so the speed becomes constant

20
Q

What is a moment?

A

The moment is the turning force around a fixed pivot.
Moment = NeutonMeters (NM)
Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance

21
Q

How can you increase a moment?

A
  • Increase the force applied
  • Increase the perpendicular distance from the pivot
22
Q

What is the distance of a moment?

A

The distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force

23
Q

Would the moment be larger of you use a longer spanner?

A

M=FxD, so if the distance increases, M will also increase

24
Q

What are force multipliers?

A

Force multipliers multiply the applied force, allowing you to lift more for less work. The applied force is always further from the pivot than the force you’re trying to overcome

25
Q

What is the use of gears?

A

Gears are used to change the moment of a turning effect

26
Q

How do you work out the moment of a gear?

A

Moment= Force x Gear radius
Example: A gear of radius 15mm turns with a force of 100N. What is the moment produced by the gear?

100N x 0.015m = 1.5Nm

27
Q

How do you calculate the gear ratio?

A

Number of teeth on the driven/ number of teeth on the driver

28
Q

How do you increase speed using gears?

A

Using a higher gear

29
Q

What does the gear ratio show?

A

How many times one gear has to rotate for another gear to complete one full rotation.

30
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The point at which all the object’s mass is concentrated

31
Q

How do you find the center of mass in a regualr object?

A

Draw all lines of symetry and find the point where all lines meet

32
Q

How do you find the center of mass in an irregular object?

A

1- Suspend the irregular object freely in the air with a plum line connected to the same point
2- Draw a line where the plum line passes as the center of mass lies somewhere on this line, exactly below the point where the object is hung
3- Rotate the object and draw another line where the plum line passes. The point where the two lines meet is the centre of mass

33
Q

When will an object topple over?

A

When the line of action (beggining at the centre of mass) moves outside the object’s base

34
Q

How can a vehicle be redesigned to be made more stable?

A

The vehicle could be redesigned to be made more stable by lowering the center of mass and making the wheelbase wider

35
Q

Explain why the vehicle does not roll over on this angled embankment.

A

The vehicle’s line of centre of mass is within the base of the vehicle, meaning it will remain upright, until the centre of mass is outside the base, therefore there is no resultant moment.

36
Q

What is the principle of moments and how is it worked out?

A

This states that, for an object that is not turning:

The sum of all the clockwise moments about any point = The sum of all the anticlockwise moments about that point

37
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

A single force that has the same effect as all the firces acting on the object

38
Q

What are the two possible senarios when the resultant force on an object is 0?

A

No movement or constant speed with no acceleration or deceleration

39
Q

How do you find the resultant force using the parallelogram of forces

A

Step 1: Work out a scale
Step 2: Copy out one force – The length needs to be draw to scale.
Step 3: Measure the angle
Step 4: Draw the next force
Step 5: Set your compass to the size of one of the forces.
Step 6: Place the compass point at the end of the other force and draw an arc.
Step 7: Set your compass to the size of the other force.
Step 8: Place the compass at the end of the other force and draw a second arc.
Step 9: Draw the resultant force from the ship to the point where the two arcs cross.
Step 10: Using a ruler measure the size of the resultant force.
Step 11: Calculate the size of the resultant force.

40
Q

How do you find the vertical and horizontal components of a diagonal force?

A
  1. Create a scale
  2. Measure the angle of the line and then draw the line to scale
  3. Draw a horizontal and verticle line meeting at the bottom of the arrow
  4. Draw a dotted line horizontally and vertically from the end of the arrow, 90° to the horizontal and vertical lines.
  5. Measure how long each line is
  6. Calculate the force of the horizontal and vertical compontants using the scale
41
Q

How can we work out hte size of the frictional force to maintain an equilibrium?

A
  • First we can draw a geometric ‘scaled’ free
    body diagram with our weight acting straight
    down to ground.
  • Draw the force acting normal to the slope
    and the force acting along side/parallel to
    the slope to form parallelogram.
  • Measuring FN and FH will give use their
    magnitude and we can also get their angle
    easily.

GCSE Physics (3 decks)

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