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Question 2

Local sourcing refers to:

Answer 2

the practice of obtaining goods and services from within the local community or region.

Question 3

Transition towns

Answer 3

prominent example of local groups promoting local sourcing.
community-led initiatives that aim to transition towards more sustainable and self-reliant lifestyles.
They encourage local sourcing as a means to reduce dependence on global supply chains and support the local economy

Question 4

Economic benefits of local sourcing

Answer 4

can boost the local economy by creating job opportunities within the community.
It supports local businesses, which helps to retain wealth and profits within the region.
Increased economic activity can lead to enhanced economic resilience and reduce vulnerability to global economic fluctuations.

Question 5

Social benefits of local sourcing:

Answer 5

fosters a sense of community and strengthens social ties within the locality.
It promotes a closer connection between producers and consumers, allowing for more transparent and ethical trade relationships.
Supporting local producers often means purchasing goods that are produced with sustainable practices and fair labour conditions.

Question 6

Environmental benefits of local sourcing:

Answer 6

reduces the carbon footprint associated with long-distance transportation of goods.
It decreases energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by shortening supply chains.
encourage sustainable farming practices, such as organic farming and regenerative agriculture, which have positive environmental impacts.

Question 7

Costs of local sourcing:

Answer 7

may lead to higher prices for goods and services compared to globally sourced alternatives.
It can limit consumer choice, as the range of available products may be narrower compared to global markets.
In certain cases, local sourcing might not be feasible or economically viable for certain products or industries.

Question 8

transition towns (exeter) methods:

Answer 8

Local Food Initiatives
Renewable Energy
Waste Reduction and Recycling
The Exeter Pound

Question 9

Local Food Initiatives

Answer 9

The city supports farmers’ markets, where local producers can directly sell their goods to consumers, promoting local sourcing and reducing food miles.
Exeter also promotes community-supported agriculture (CSA) schemes, where residents can subscribe to receive regular deliveries of locally grown produce.

Question 10

Renewable Energy

Answer 10

encourages the use of renewable energy sources and promotes energy efficiency initiatives.
The city has invested in solar panel installations on public buildings and supports community-owned renewable energy projects.

Question 11

Waste Reduction and Recycling

Answer 11

Exeter encourages waste reduction and recycling practices to minimize landfill waste and promote a circular economy.
Transition Exeter organises community-wide recycling campaigns and educates residents on proper waste management.

Question 12

exeter pound

Answer 12

introduced between 2015 to 2018
an independent currency that could be spent in local and independent businesses in exeter
encouraged people to shop locally
however bit pointless because exchange rate was 1:1 with the pound

Question 13

Fair Trade:

Answer 13

a system that ensures producers in developing countries receive fair prices for their products, providing them with better working conditions and promoting environmental sustainability.

Question 14

Fair trade and ethical consumption schemes aim to…

Answer 14

address various issues associated with global trade, including environmental degradation, inequalities, and poor working conditions.

Question 15

Ethical Consumption Schemes

Answer 15

refers to the deliberate choice of consumers to purchase products that align with their values and support ethical practices.
Ethical consumption schemes encourage consumers to consider the social, environmental, and ethical impact of their purchasing decisions.

Question 16

Examples of ethical consumption schemes include

Answer 16

Carbon footprint labelling: Informs consumers about the carbon emissions associated with the production, transportation, and disposal of products.
Animal welfare labels: Indicate that products have been produced using humane treatment of animals.

Question 17

Impacts of Fair Trade and Ethical Consumption Schemes

Answer 17

Environmental degradation
Inequalities of global trade
Working conditions
Consumer awareness
Pressure on corporations:

Question 18

Environmental degradation

Answer 18

Fair trade and ethical consumption schemes often promote sustainable production practices, reducing the negative impact on the environment.

Question 19

Inequalities of global trade

Answer 19

Fair trade ensures that producers receive fair prices, helping to address the inequalities in the global trade system.

Question 20

Working conditions

Answer 20

Fair trade and ethical consumption schemes improve working conditions by advocating for fair wages, safe working environments, and workers’ rights.

Question 21

case study on fairtrade

Answer 21

Fairtrade International is a partnership of various NGOs that aims to promote fair trade practices and improve the livelihoods of farmers and workers in developing countries.
The organisation operates through a certification system that guarantees fair prices, better working conditions, and environmental sustainability for producers.

Question 22

Benefits for Producers by fairtrade:

Answer 22

Fair Prices: Fairtrade guarantees a minimum price for products, which acts as a safety net during market fluctuations. This allows producers to cover their production costs and invest in sustainable farming practices.
Fair Labor Conditions: Fairtrade ensures that workers are provided with safe working conditions and fair employment rights, including the prohibition of child labor and discrimination.
Community Development: Fairtrade premiums, an additional sum paid to producers, are invested in community projects such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.

Question 23

Impacts and Successes of fair-trade

Answer 23

Economic Empowerment: Fairtrade has helped farmers and workers gain access to international markets, enabling them to earn a more stable income and break the cycle of poverty.
Social Benefits: Fairtrade has contributed to improved healthcare, education, and gender equality in many producer communities.
Environmental Sustainability: Fairtrade promotes sustainable farming practices, such as organic cultivation and agroforestry, reducing the negative impact on ecosystems and promoting biodiversity.

Question 24

Challenges and Criticisms off fair-trade

Answer 24

Market Penetration: Fairtrade faces challenges in reaching a wider consumer base and increasing market share beyond niche markets.
Price Constraints: Some argue that Fairtrade prices are not always sufficient to cover all production costs and provide significant improvements in livelihoods.
Complexity and Cost: The certification process and compliance with Fairtrade standards can be complex and costly for small-scale producers.

Question 25

Partnerships and Collaborations

Answer 25

Fairtrade International collaborates with NGOs, governments, businesses, and other stakeholders to promote fair trade practices and raise awareness.
Partnerships with retailers and corporations help expand the availability of Fairtrade-certified products and increase consumer awareness.

Question 26

Role of Recycling in Managing Resource Consumption

Answer 26

Recycling helps conserve natural resources by reducing the need for extracting raw materials.
It decreases energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the extraction and processing of virgin materials.
By recycling, valuable materials can be recovered from waste, reducing the strain on natural resources.

Question 27

Variation in Recycling Practices by Product

Answer 27

materials like paper and glass are highly recyclable, whereas certain plastics may be more challenging to recycle effectively.
The design and composition of products influence their recyclability and the ease of separating recyclable components.
Local authorities and organizations like Keep Britain Tidy provide guidelines and infrastructure to support recycling efforts for different products.

Question 28

Purpose of Keep Britain Tidy

Answer 28

to improve the environment and reduce waste through various initiatives and campaigns.

Question 29

Campaigns and Initiatives ran by Keep Britain Tidy

Answer 29

The Great British Spring Clean: An annual campaign encouraging communities to come together and clean up their local areas.
Love Parks Week: A week-long initiative aimed at promoting and celebrating public parks and green spaces.