P700c intro to radiation Flashcards
Cbp radiation detection program was created to detect and identify
Materials
Commodities
Components
3 associated with development, deployment, delivery WME
Cbp radiation detection program
To prevent and detect elicit radioactive sources from entering the country and moving beyond the border
What is radiation
Energy in motion either as particles or electromagnetic waves
What are the two types of radiation?
Non ionizing
Ionizing
Both occur naturally or man made
What is the difference between ionizing and non ionizing radiation
Energy levels
Which radiation has much higher energy level
Ionizing
Examples of non ionizing radiation we encounter every day
Visible lights Microwaves Infrared Radio waves Laser
Examples of common source of naturally occurring ionizing radiation
Cosmic radiation
Terrestial radiation
Food items( from diet)
Radon
Does non ionizing radiation have enough energy to change atomic structure?
No
Does ionizing radiation have enough energy to change atomic structure
Yes
Can cause damage to DNA in humans
What is radioactivity
Unstable atoms trying to become stable by emitting energy through radioactive decay
Radioactive materials
Source of ionizing radiation CBP is most concerned about
Atomic structure
Atoms are made up of
Protons( positive charge)
Neutron( neutral)
Electron ( negative charge)
What is an isotope
Atoms of the same element with different quantities of neutrons
Types of ionizing radiation
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays
Neutron particles
Which type of radiation can enter body through ingestion, inhalation, open wounds
Alpha and beta radiation
Which is the most dangerous kinds of radiation
Gamma and neutron
Who must be contacted when neutron alert is confronted
Laboratory and scientific services
National Law enforcement communications center
Radiation measurements
Rem Millirem(1,000) Microrem(1,000,000) Dose( total amount of exposure) Dosage rate( exposure based on time)
How many millirems of radiation are humans exposed to annually
360
Cosmic sources Terrestial sources Diet Radon Human beings Masonry
What is the acceptable mrem limit for cbp personel a year
100 mRem
Cbp employees should not be exposed more than 50 urem( microrem) per hour on a continuos basis
Two types of radiation doses that will damage the human body
Chronic : small doses of radiation received over a long period of time
Acute: large doses of radiation receiving a short period of time
What is ALARA
As low as reasonably achievable
What are the three factors to consider when practicing ALARA
Time
Distance
Shielding
Radiation exposure practices
Identify and use available shielding
Practice good hygiene
Do not handle material needlessly
Practice ALARA
Where can terrorist acquire radiological materials from
Research facilities Universities Medical equipment Medical isotopes Industrial facilities Radiographic sources Borehole survey sources Industrial sterilizers
What are INDs
What are RDDs
Improvised nuclear devices (Nuclear material and require sophisticated skills to build)
Radiological dispersal devices ( dirty bombs, use conventional explosives or dispersal devices with radiological materials
Radiation detection program
Screen 100% in bound traffic
Physical inspection of all traffic is unrealistic
Radiation detection devices scan most cargo
Legitimate commodoties
Naturally occurring radioactive isotopes (NAT)
Isotopes used in industry (IND)
Isotopes used in medical diagnosis (MED)
If you receive a radiation alert what should you do
SIN
All radiation alerts must be resolved
All neutron alerts LSS must be contacted
Radiation detection layered approach
Cbp uses three devices, what are they
RPM
PRD
RIID
RPM detect very small amounts of radiation in primary, must all alerts be resolved
Yes or no
Yes, must be secondary for complete resolution
PRD detect gamma and x ray?
Yes, indicate amount of radiation on scale 0-9
What does the RIID do
- Detects, locates, identifies radiation
- Gamma and neutron
- Facilitates resolution of PRD alert
What does LSS do
- Provide technical assistance and guidance
- Must provide TAQ
- May request isotope info from RIID
Radiation detection and program diractive
Provides guidance on program
Describes procedures to follow to resolve radiation alarms
All alarms must be resolved per cbp radiation directive
Responding to neutron alarm
Isolate source, establish perimeter
Confirm presence of neutron 6 counts per second
Contact LSS through NLECC
Prd alert
Isolate source
9 to 8
Establish perimeter
If documentation, or reading not consistent with common innocent radiation sources checklist contact LSS through NLECC
LSS determines whether hazardous radiological condition exist
Event documentation
- TAQ
- IOIL
- port management, sector, ICE, NTC, headquarters and situation room
