P6 - Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

Vibrate perpendicular to direction of energy transfer

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2
Q

What is longitudinal wave

A

Vibrate parallel to direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

What direction do magnetic fields go?

A

North to south

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4
Q

Example of transverse wave

A

Light wave

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5
Q

Example of longitudinal wave

A

Sound

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6
Q

What is the stationary point of two oscillating waves called?

A

A node

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7
Q

Amplitude is distance from ___ to what

A

Crest/trough to line of equilibrium (NOT full height)

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8
Q

What is frequency

A

Number of waves passing a point each second

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9
Q

When lines a spread apart in a longitudinal wave what is this called?

A

Rarefaction

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10
Q

When waves are close together in a longitudinal wave what is this called?

A

Compression

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11
Q

Wavelength varies ____ and amplitude varies ___ (in terms of sound)

A

Pitch
Volume

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12
Q

What is the time period of a wave

A

Time taken for a complete oscillation

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13
Q

Give a an equation linking frequency and time period

A

f = 1/T (capital T)

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14
Q

We measure frequency in ___

A

Hz (Hertz)

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15
Q

Give an equation linking velocity of the wave, wavelength and time period

A

V = lambda / Time period
V = wavelength / time period

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16
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

V = f x lambda

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17
Q

How fast does light travel in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10 o the power 8 m/s

18
Q

In what material does light move slowest

19
Q

Describe refraction

A

As light slows down and enters a denser material it bends towards the normal
(Sometimes describe the car?)
As light speeds up after leaving the material it bends away from the normal

20
Q

Always draw:

A

Incident ray
Refracted ray
Normal

21
Q

When drawing a diagram with an incident ray, refracted ray, and then one out the other side what happens?

A

The refracted ray is also now an incident ray for light going from the glass to the air
The ray coming out is hence refracted

22
Q

What are EM waves?

A

Energy waves

23
Q

Transverse can travel through a ___ but longitudinal can’t

24
Q

Give a nemonic for the EM spectrum

A

Rude men in vans usually exit Greenwhich

25
Give the EM spectrum
Radio Microwaves Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X rays Gamma rays
26
Radio has high or low wavelength
High
27
Microwaves have a high/low wavelength
High
28
Microwaves can travel in ____ lines better than radio waves as they have higher ____
Straight Energy
29
What type of radiation is infrared?
Heat
30
Infrared can be used for communication true or false
True
31
How is visible light produced?
Electrons fall from higher to lower energy states
32
Visible light is used in ___ ____ cables
Fibre optic
33
UV can be used for energy ___ lights
Efficient (Fluorescence)
34
What is x ray used for
Detecting dense things
35
What is gamma radiation used for
Medicine Nuclear bombs Killing harmful bacteria, sterilising surgical equipment, killing cancer cells
36
UV light can be used to sterilise ___ and kill ____ and detect ___
Water Bacteria Forgery
37
Infrared radiation is for __- distance communication
Short
38
How can infrared radiation be used in medicine
Detect cancerous tumours which give off more heat than other parts of the body
39
Give 3 methods of energy transfer
Convection conduction and radiation
40
Infrared is emitted by ___ stuff and __ stuff
Hot and large
41
If an object is cooler than surroundings it ___ more IR radiation until it reaches same temperature
Absorbs