P1 - Energy - Revision - GCSE Flashcards by Counter Time

Energy
What is energy

Something needed for stuff to happen

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Energy
What is a system?

An object or group of objects

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Energy
What is energy measured in?

Joules

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Energy
What is the law of the conservation of energy?

Energy is never created or destroyed, only shifted from one store to another

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Energy
What are the 8 stores of energy?

Kinetic
Thermal
Nuclear
Vibrational
Gravitational potential
Electric and magnetic / electromagnetic
Chemical
Elastic

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Energy
What is chemical energy

Energy released from chemical fuels

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Energy
Where is nuclear energy found

In the nuclei of atoms

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Energy
What is vibrational energy?

Light and sound energy

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Energy
What is elastic potential energy

The potential for something to spring back to its original position

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Energy
What is gravitational potential energy

The potential for something to fall / something that an object has if it is able to fall

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Gravitational potential energy
What is the equation of gravitational potential energy?

Ep = mgh
Gravitational energy - mass x gravitational field strength x height

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Gravitational potential energy
What is the gravitational field strength on earth to 1dp

9.8 N/Kg

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Gravitational potential energy
What is mass measured in for this equation?

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Gravitational potential energy
What is gravitational potential energy measured in

Joules (J)

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Gravitational potential energy
What is height measured in for this equation?

m - metres

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Gravitational potential energy
What is the definition of gravitational potential energy

Something that an object has if it is able to fall

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Gravitational potential energy
How many joules is one MJ

1 million Joules (10 to the power 6)

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Gravitational potential energy
What method should you show your working with when working with this equation?

3 step method
State equation
State values
Work out answer

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Power
What is power?

Rate at which an appliance shifts energy

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Power
What is power measured in?

Watts

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Power
What are watts in terms of joules?

Joules per second

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Power
What is the equation for power? (Derivable from definition)

P = E / t
Power = energy shifted / time

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Power
What symbols do we use for power, energy and time in the equation for power

P = power
E - energy
t - time

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Power
What other equation describes power?

Power = work done/time

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Power What is work done?

Energy shifted x time W = E x t

Efficiency What is efficiency?

How much energy is converted to a useful store compared to how much energy is taken in

Efficiency What is useful energy?

Desired energy

Efficiency What is the equation for efficiency?

Useful energy in/total energy in Can be asked for asa percentage - if so then multiply by 100

Efficiency What should you watch out for in energy efficiency questions

Whether they want the answer as a decimal or percentage

Kinetic energy What is kinetic energy?

The energy of moving objects

Kinetic energy What is the equation for kinetic energy?

0.5 x mass x velocity squared https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dqO4sy4Njg Derivation using calculus included below :)

Kinetic energy What is acceleration measured in?

m/s squared

Specific heat capacity What is specific heat capacity?

The energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree

Specific heat capacity What is the equation for specific heat capacity? Use the ‘ energy = ‘ form as it is required by the syllabus

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change Specific heat capacity = energy / mass x temperature change (Derivable from definition)

Specific heat capacity What is specific heat capacity measured in?

J / Kg degrees Celsius

Specific heat capacity What is mass measured in?

Specific heat capacity What is energy measured in?

Joules (J)

Specific heat capacity What is temperature change measured in?

Degrees Celsius

Specific heat capacity What is the first step in a method to measure specific heat capacity?

Weigh a block of metal (which has two cylindrical holes) using a set of scales

Specific heat capacity What is the second step of a method to measure specific heat capacity?

Place heating rod into cylindrical hole in metal block

Specific heat capacity What is a step which should be taken to minimise error in the method to measure specific heat capacity (step 2)

Ensure the rod is fully in contact with the metal block

Specific heat capacity Make this third step for the method for specific heat capacity correct: Link the heating rod in a circuit connected to a power pack, resistor and voltmeter

Change the word resistor with voltmeter

Specific heat capacity What should be placed around the metal block to prevent heat loss increasing specific heat capacity?

An insulating material (wool for instance)

Specific heat capacity What should be placed in the second hole of the metal block in a method to measure specific heat capacity?

A thermometer

Specific heat capacity True or false: you do not need to take a reading of initial temperature in an experiment finding specific heat capacity

False: you do have to do that

Specific heat capacity Fill in the gaps in these final stages of a method to find specific heat capacity Every minute, for 10 minutes, measure the temperature of the block Draw a graph with _____ (___ x ____) in the y axis and ____ x ______ on the x axis What does the gradient of the graph show?

Energy (current x voltage - obviously) and mass x temperature on the x axis Specific heat capacity = gradient

Energy sources What is renewable energy

Energy sources that can be replaced as they are used

Energy sources What is non renewable energy?

Energy sources that will run out as we only have a finite supply of them

Energy sources Give 2 examples of non renewable energy sources

Fossil fuels Nuclear power

Energy sources True or false: nuclear energy is likely to run out

False - this is what makes it almost renewable as we have such a large supply of atoms

Energy sources Give 7 examples of renewable energy sources

Wind Solar Geothermal Hydroelectric Biofuels Wave Tidal

Energy sources How does wind energy work?

Wind turns blade, which turns turbine, which turns generator

Energy sources Select which renewable energy sources are: Low in running cost

Wind Solar Hydroelectric Wave Tidal Geothermal (Basically all except biofuels as biofuels need constant fuel supply)

Energy sources Select which renewable energy sources are: Pollutants (of any kind)

Wind - visual and noise Solar - visual and indirect pollutants through manufacturing Hydroelectric - environmental impact and visual pollution Biofuels - produces carbon dioxide but is carbon neutral as also plants plants Wave - Environmental disturbance Tidal - environmental disturbance/visual pollution Basically all except geothermal - most due to visual/environmental and only biofuels produce carbon but are carbon neutral

Energy sources Select which renewable energy sources: Have high initial costs

Wind Solar Geothermal Tidal Hydroelectric Wave (Not biofuels as tech already there)

Energy sources Select which renewable energy sources are: Reliable

Solar - in sunny areas Geothermal Hydroelectric - apart from in drought Biofuels - apart from bad harvests Tidal (Not wave or wind as rely on wind)

Energy sources How does solar power work

Solar energy used to generate current

Energy sources How does geothermal energy work?

Thermal energy due to solar radioactive decay of uranium heats water, produces steam, moves turbine generator

Energy sources How does hydroelectric energy work?

Valley flooded and then emptied at a controlled rate, turning a generator

Energy sources How do biofuels work?

Animal and plant products are burned to produce electricity or fuel to run cars

Energy sources How does wave energy work?

Up and down motion of waves changes air pressure, moving turbine generator

Energy sources How does tidal energy work?

Dams allow water in at high tide and then control flow of water out to turn turbine

Energy sources What are 3 examples of fossil fuels?

Coal, oil, gas

Energy sources What are 3 advantages of fossil fuels?

Cheap, easy access, immediate demand satisfaction

Energy sources What are 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

Co2 produced Finite resource

Energy sources How does nuclear energy work

Nuclear fuels (eg uranium and plutonium) - decay and produce heat (or neutrons can be fired at atoms to decay them)

Energy sources True or false: nuclear energy produces Co2

True

Energy sources True or false: nuclear energy produces much more energy per kg of fuel than coal

True

Energy sources What is one big disadvantage and one smaller disadvantage of nuclear fuel?

Nuclear waste - difficult to dispose of and harmful to human and animal health Non renewable (finite)

Power stations What are the 4 stages of energy production in power stations (fossil fuels)

1. Fossil fuels burned to produce thermal energy 2. Heats up water to make steam 3. Steam turns turbine 4. Turbine turns generator to generate electricity

Power stations True or false: when answering a 6 marker comparing energy sources you should use: Comparative language (on the one hand… / however…/ overall … Precise statements (not like cheap / expensive without explaining why eg easy to access or little infrastructure needed) Don’t use evidence from the text given Link advantage of one to disadvantage of other (this one is cheap whereas the other is expensive)

True