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Z: GCSE Physics > P6 - Radioactive Materials > Flashcards

P6 - Radioactive Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all elements made of?

A

Atoms

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2
Q

How many types of atom make up each element?

A

Only one

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3
Q

What two things do all atoms contain?

A

A nucleus and electrons

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4
Q

What 2 things is the nucleus made of?

A

Protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What element is the exception to the nucleus being made up of protons and neutrons?

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

What is the lightest element?

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

How is hydrogen different from other elements?

A

Its nucleus is made up of just one proton and one electron, no neutrons, rather than protons and neutrons like all other elements

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8
Q

What do radioactive elements emit?

A

Ionising radiation

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9
Q

How often do radioactive elements emit ionising radiation?

A

All the time

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10
Q

What emits ionising radiation?

A

Radioactive elements

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11
Q

What cannot change the radioactive behaviour of a substance?

A

Neither chemical reactions nor physical processes (e.g. smelting)

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12
Q

True or False?

Every atom of a particular element will always have a different number of protons. (HT)

A

False - Every atom of a particular element will always have the same number of protons. (If they contained a different number of protons, it would be a different element)

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13
Q

How many protons will a hydrogen atom have? (HT)

A

1

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14
Q

How many protons will a helium atom have? (HT)

A

2

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15
Q

How many protons will an oxygen atom have? (HT)

A

8

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16
Q

a) How many protons will a hydrogen atom have? (HT)
b) How many protons will a helium atom have? (HT)
c) How many protons will an oxygen atom have? (HT)
d) How do we know this? (HT)

A

a) 1
b) 2
c) 8
d) Because the number of protons that a particular element has will always stay the same.

17
Q

Every atom of a particular element will always have the same number of protons. What what can some atoms of the same element have different numbers of? (HT)

A

Neutrons

18
Q

Some atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. What are these called? (HT)

A

isotopes

19
Q

What are the 3 isotopes of oxygen? For each one, state how many neutrons and protons it has. (HT)

A
  • Oxygen-16, has eight neutrons and eight protons
  • Oxygen-17, has nine neutrons and eight protons
  • Oxygen-18, has 10 neutrons and eight protons
20
Q

How many types of ionising radiation can radioactive materials give out?

A

3

21
Q

What are the three types of ionising radiation that radioactive materials can give out?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
22
Q

What sort of ionising powers does alpha radiation have?

A

Strong ionising power.

23
Q

Through what sort of thickness/material can alpha radiation be absorbed by?

A

A few centimetres of air or a thin sheet of paper

24
Q

What sort of ionising powers does beta radiation have?

A

Reasonable ionising power

25
Q

Through what sort of thickness/material can beta radiation be absorbed by?

A

Beta passes through air and paper but is absorbed by a few millimetres of aluminium

26
Q

What sort of ionising powers does gamma radiation have?

A

Poor ionising power

27
Q

Through what sort of thickness/material can gamma radiation be absorbed by?

A

Gamma is very penetrating and needs many centimetres of lead or many metres of concrete to absorb most of it

28
Q

When is ionising radiation emitted? (HT)

A

When the nucleus of an unstable atom decays

29
Q

What does the type of radioactive decay depend on?

A

Why the nucleus is unstable in the first place; the process of decay helps the atom become more stable

30
Q

During radioactive decay, what happens if the number of protons changes? (HT)

A

The element changes to another type

Z: GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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