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GCSE AQA Physics 9-1 > P6 particles > Flashcards

P6 particles Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the properties of particles in a solid? (how are they arranged)

A

particles are very close together
arranged in a regular pattern
particles vibrate but do not move

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2
Q

what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

A

particles are close together
not arranged in a regular pattern
particles can move around each other

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3
Q

what is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

A

particles are very far apart
not arranged in any pattern
moving very rapidly

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4
Q

what is density?

A

the mass of an object for a given volume

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5
Q

what is the formula which links density mass and volume?

A

density = mass / volume

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6
Q

what is the density pattern for solids?

A

they usually have a very high density
the particles are packed closely together so they have a lot of mass for their volume

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7
Q

what is the density pattern for liquids?

A

they are usually high density
the particles are close together so they have a lot of mass for their volume

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8
Q

what is the density pattern for gases?

A

they have a low density
the particles are far apart so gases have a small mass for their volume

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9
Q

what is the difference between a regular and an irregularly shaped object?

A

regular objects have dimensions which are easy to measure
irregular objects have dimensions which cannot be easily measured

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10
Q

how can the mass of an object be determined?

A

using a balance

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11
Q

how do you work out the volume of a regularly shaped object?

A

measure the length width and depth
multiply them together

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12
Q

how do you determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

A

fill a eureka can with water up to the spout
place the object into the can. this causes the water to be displaced and flow out of the spout
measure the volume of water displaced. this is equal to the volume of the object

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13
Q

what gives particles potential energy?

A

intermolecular forces and chemical bonds

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14
Q

what is internal energy of particles?

A

the energy stored in a system by particles
it includes the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

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15
Q

what happens when you heat particles?

A

their internal energy store increases.
this can cause them to change state

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16
Q

what happens when you cool particles?

A

the amount of internal energy decreases
this can cause them to change state

17
Q

what is sublimation?

A

when a solid turns directly to a gas

18
Q

what happens to mass when changes of state take place?

A

mass is always conserved. particles are not added or taken away

19
Q

what type of change is a change of state?

A

a physical change not a chemical one
if the change is reversed, the material recovers its original properties

20
Q

what is evaporation?

A

when a liquid turns to a gas but only on the surface of the liquid
only particles on the surface have enough energy to change to a gas

21
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree

22
Q

what does it mean if a material stores a lot of energy?

A

they need to gain lots of energy to increase the temperature and transfer lots of energy when they cool down

23
Q

what is happening when the line is horizontal on a heating/cooling graph?

A

the substance is changing state
the energy is being used to weaken or break the forces of attraction between the particles

24
Q

what happens when a substance changes state?

A

energy is being put into the substance when it is being heated up. this breaks the forces of attraction between the molecules allowing the substance to chance state

25
Q

what is the specific latent heat of a substance?

A

the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1 kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

26
Q

what is the difference between specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation?

A

fusion is from solid to liquid
vaporisation is from liquid to a vapour
both are with no temperature change

27
Q

what is the pressure of a gas due to?

A

the particles colliding at an right angle with the walls of the container the gas is held in

28
Q

how can the pressure of a gas be increased?

A

increase the number of collisions per second
or
increase the energy of each collision

29
Q

what are the characteristics of gases at low temperatures?

A

particles have a lower kinetic energy. there are fewer collisions per second and these collisions are lower energy
this means the pressure is low

30
Q

what are the characteristics of gases at high temperatures?

A

particles have higher kinetic energy
there are more collisions per second with higher energy
this means the pressure is high

31
Q

why does increasing the volume of the container a gas in decrease the pressure?

A

the spacing is increased between the particles
particles now travel much further before colliding with the walls of the container
this reduces the number of collisions per second, reducing the pressure

32
Q

how is the volume of the gas related to the pressure?

A

they are inversely proportional
if the volume increases, the pressure decreases

33
Q

what does the equation pV = constant mean?

A

because the pressure is multiplied by the volume is constant, if the pressure is increased, then the volume is decreased by the inverse amount

34
Q

what is work?

A

the transfer of energy by a force

35
Q

what happens when work is done on a gas?

A

energy is transferred to the gas particles
this means the internal energy of the particles is increased
because the average kinetic energy of the particles (internal energy = kinetic and potential) has increased, the average temperature increases

GCSE AQA Physics 9-1 (17 decks)

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