P1 Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy store of moving objects

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2
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x (speed x speed)

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3
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on the object

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4
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as it’s limit of proportionality is not exceeded

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5
Q

What is a spring constant (k)?

A

Force per unit extension of a spring

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6
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

the energy stored in an object due to its position above the earth’s surface.
This is due to the force of gravity acting on an object

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7
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE = m x g x h

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8
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree.

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9
Q

how many Joules are in 1 kilojoule?

A

1000 J = 1 kJ

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10
Q

what is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

energy can be stored, transferred usefully or dissipated but it cannot be created or destroyed

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11
Q

what is a system?

A

an object or group of objects

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12
Q

what happens to energy in a closed system?

A

no energy can enter or leave

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13
Q

what does friction cause?

A

energy to be transferred to thermal energy

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14
Q

how can you reduce unwanted energy trasfers?

A

you can reduce friction by:
using a lubricant
removing air particles around the system

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15
Q

when is work done?

A

whenever energy is transferred from one store to another.

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16
Q

what does mechanical work involve?

A

using a force to move an object

17
Q

what does electrical work involve?

A

a current transferring energy

18
Q

what is the formula for work done?

A

work done = force x distance

19
Q

what is power?

A

the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done

20
Q

what are the equations for power?

A

P = E/t or P = W/t

21
Q

what is 1 watt?

A

1 Joule of energy per second

22
Q

what is efficiency?

A

it tells the fraction of energy which is transferred to useful energy stores.

23
Q

how can you increase the efficiency of a thermal energy transfer investigation with water?

A

use a lid
equipment made of plastic (material with lower thermal conductivity)