P6

Question 1

what are similarities bwteeen plum pudding and nuclear model

Answer 1

electrons
-+charge
-‘-‘ charged parts
-accommodates discovery of electron

Question 2

what are the differences of the nuclear model compared to the plum pudding model?

Answer 2

-orbiting electrons
-mostly empty space
-nucleus is positively charges
-concentrated nucleus
-gold foil experiment

Rutherford

Question 3

what are the differences of the plum pudding model compared to the nuclear model

Answer 3

-ball
-positive charge is spread out
-no empty space

JJ Thomson

Question 4

why did some alpha particles go straight through?

Answer 4

mostly empty space

Question 5

why did some alpha particles deflect?

Answer 5

-there is a positively charged nucleus

Question 6

why did some alpha particles bounce back?

Answer 6

-
they hit the positively charge nucleus

Question 7

what is radiation caused by?

Answer 7

an unstable nucleus

Question 8

how does a nucleus become stable?

Answer 8

-emitting particles

Question 9

what does an alpha particle consist

Answer 9

2 protons and 2 neutrons

same as helium nucleus

Question 10

what stops alpha part

Answer 10

paper

Question 11

how far does Alph particles travel in the air?

Answer 11

5cm

Question 12

is alpha particles ionising?

Answer 12

yes most highly

Question 13

what does beta radiation consist of?

Answer 13

a high energy electron-splits neutron

Question 14

what stops beta radiation?

Answer 14

-aluminium

Question 15

how far does beta radiation travel in the air?

Answer 15

-1M

Question 16

is beta radiation ionising?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

what does gamma radiation consist of?

Answer 17

an electromagnetic wave

Question 18

what stops gamma radiation?

Answer 18

lead or thick concrete

Question 19

how far does a gamma radiation travel in the air?

Answer 19

infinite

Question 20

is gamma radiation ionising?

Answer 20

yes lease highly

Question 22

what happens in Alpha decay?

Answer 22

The number of neutrons and the number of protons decrease by 2

The top number decreases by four
The bottom number decreases by two

Question 23

what happens in beta decay?

Answer 23

The number of protons and electrons both increased by one and the number of neutrons decreased by one

-The top number stays the same
-bottom number increases by one

Question 24

what is activity?

Answer 24

-right at which a radio isotope decays

Question 25

what is activity measured in

Answer 25

-Becquerei (Bq) 1Bq= 1 decay per second

Question 26

how was activity measured?

Answer 26

usinf a Geiger counter

Question 27

Who is half life?

Answer 27

Time it takes for 1/2 of the unstable nuclei to decay

Question 28

do the most unstable isotypes have a long half life or a short half life?

Answer 28

short

Question 29

how do you figure out half life?

Answer 29

-Half the original count rate-:- activity

Question 30

what is contamination?

Answer 30

-unwanted presents of materials containing radioactive atoms

Question 31

what is a irradiation?

Answer 31

-It’s where an object is exposed to nuclear radiation

Question 32

What’s the difference between contamination and irradiation

Answer 32

-contaminated objects become radioactive whereas irradiated objects do not

Question 33

how do you stay safe from contamination?

Answer 33

-wear masks -lead aprons -showers -safe handling

Question 34

how do you stay safe from irradiation?

Answer 34

-wear a lot of clothing -move away -do not spend a long time with substance